Somatic embryogenesis on irradiated callus of garlic (Allium Sativum L.)

Abstract

The research was done at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of Center for Application of Isotope and Radiation Technology, Jakarta. Callus derived from shoot tip of garlic cloves was exposed to gamma rays, then cut into sized of 1 mm3 and cultured in Gamborg medium enriched with plant growth regulators (PGRs) depends on the treatment. The PGRs applied are. The experiment was arranged in a randomized factorial design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was the doses of gamma rays (0, 10 and 20 Gy) and the second factor was different concentrations of PGRs (untreated, 1 and 2 ppm of thidiazuron (TDZ) and Zeatin). The result indicated that the application of 2 ppm TDZ or Zeatin promoted development on irradiated callus at the dose 10 Gy. The highest number of the shoot and the longest shoot were obtained from non-irradiated callus grown on medium enriched with 2 ppm TDZ, followed by 1 and 2 ppm Zeatin, 1 ppm TDZ and without PGRs. Irradiated callus at the dose 10 Gy grown on medium with 2 ppm TDZ was able to form a shoot, while other irradiated callusat the dose 29 Gy were not able to form the shoot.