Abstract
In soybeans, drought stress causes 50% yield losses. Breeding for drought tolerance in soybeans has been widely developed using various methods, among which is polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) induction to simulate drought in vitro. In a previous experiment, three somaclones with different levels of tolerance were generated. The objectives of this research were to determine the RAPD patterns of those somaclones and to investigate the correlation of the RAPD patterns to the drought tolerance characteristics. The results showed eleven RAPD primers capable of amplifying the DNA genome of soybeans, among which four primers were monomorphic and seven were polymorphic. Two of the polymorphic primers, OPK7 and OPK12, are capable of differentiating medium tolerance traits from other traits. Bands that are specific for medium tolerance against drought were 450 bp and 650 bp in size, generated by the OPK7 primer, and the band of 2000 bp, generated by the OPK12 primer. However, there was no band capable of differentiating between sensitive and tolerance varieties/lines, although some changing of the DNA sequence was detected in this research. This indicates that there are other factors responsible for the expression of drought tolerance.
Highlights
Drought has been reported to cause some problems in plants
The results showed eleven Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers capable of amplifying the DNA genome of soybeans, among which four primers were monomorphic and seven were polymorphic
The first group consists of genes that code proteins such as chaperones, late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins such as LEA14 [9], osmotin, antifreeze proteins, mRNA-binding proteins such as glycine-rich protein [10], key enzymes for osmolyte biosynthesis, such as galactinol synthase and delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase, involved in synthesis of raffinose-family oligosaccharides [11] water channel proteins, such as PIP1b [12], and proline transporters [13,14], detoxification enzymes, and various proteases that are suspected to function in abiotic stress tolerance
Summary
Drought has been reported to cause some problems in plants. In soybeans, drought stress at the generative phase has been reported to decrease seed production up to 5%. Some mechanisms developed by plants to overcome water deficit problems have been reported Morphological adaptations such as developing of profusely root hairs, rolling of leaves and lengthening of roots, to physiological alterations, such as modifications in carbon partitioning and isotope discrimination, osmotic adjustment, and alterations in rate and efficiency of photosynthesis has been addressed as plants responses toward drought stress [2]. The expression mechanism of some genes was reported to be dependent from Abscisic acid (ABA) which plays a key role in the molecular signal that is triggered by the onset of drought This phytohormone apparently works as a second messenger after stress perception, inducing stomatal closure and activating several stressrelated genes [15]. The aim of the present work was to detect mutations on the soybean somaclones and to detect the relative distance between the somaclones with the initial lines and standard lines using RAPD analysis
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