Abstract
Solvation becomes important in two fields: the study of the mobility of ions; and the study of the influence of the solvent on reactions in solution. The Gibbs energy of solvation and the enthalpy of solvation of an atom, a molecule or an ion are, respectively, the Gibbs energy and the enthalpy associated with the reaction of solvation. For comparing the properties of a solute in a solvent with the same properties of the same solute in a different solvent, the solute in the two solvents has to be compared at the same energy level. For an electrolyte, it is impossible to transfer one of the ions separately from one solvent into another. One can only calculate the Gibbs energy of total transfer. Hence, mean transfer activity coefficients have to be defined. In determining the transfer activity coefficients, two cases exist: that of molecular solutes, and that of ionic solutes.
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