Solvation parameter models for retention on perfluorinated and fluorinated low temperature glassy carbon stationary phases in reversed-phase liquid chromatography

Abstract

The retention of solutes on two fluorinated low temperature glassy carbon (F-LTGC) stationary phases under reversed-phase liquid chromatographic conditions was studied by employing the solvation parameter model. The two fluorinated glassy carbon stationary phases were produced by slowly heating zirconia particles that were encapsulated with oligo[1,3-dibutadiyne-1,3-(tetrafluoro)phenylene] precursor polymer to two different final temperatures (200 and 400 °C). The resulting carbon particles had different amounts of fluorine after thermal processing. The solvation parameter models indicated that different intermolecular interactions are important in describing retention on the two stationary phases. The interactions that are important for describing retention on the 200 °C processed F-LTGC stationary phase are hydrogen bond basicity ≥ dispersion > hydrogen bond acidity > dipolarity/polarizability. The interactions that describe the retention on the 400 °C processed F-LTGC are hydrogen bond basicity > dispersion > excess molar refraction ≥ hydrogen bond acidity. The solvation parameter model for the 200 °C processed F-LTGC showed similar trends in the relative importance of intermolecular interactions as previously found for octadecyl-polysiloxane stationary phases, while the 400 °C processed F-LTGC had similar intermolecular interactions with solutes as found with porous glassy carbon in that π–π interactions with the carbon surface contribute more so to the retention.