Abstract
Future smart grids will be more dynamic with many variabilities related to generation, inertia, and topology changes. Therefore, more flexibility in form of several active and reactive power related technical services from different distributed energy resources (DER) will be needed for local (distribution network) and whole system (transmission network) needs. However, traditional distribution network operation and control principles are limiting the Photovoltaic (PV) hosting capacity of LV networks and the DER capability to provide system-wide technical services in certain situations. New active and adaptive control principles are needed in order to overcome these limitations. This paper studies and proposes solutions for adaptive settings and management schemes to increase PV hosting capacity and improve provision of frequency support related services by flexible energy resources. The studies show that unwanted interactions between different DER units and their control functions can be avoided with the proposed adaptive control methods. Simultaneously, also better distribution network PV hosting capacity and flexibility services provision from DER units even during very low load situations can be achieved.
Highlights
The potential of active (P) and reactive power (Q) control of distributed energy resources (DER)connected at distribution networks (MV and LV) is expected to be utilized increasingly in the future power systems to manage different renewable energy sources (RES) variabilities related challenges.These challenges related to larger share of RES based generation [1], concern (a) power generation fluctuations and (b) higher variability in power system inertia and fault levels
In this paper solutions for increasing PV hosting capacity and distribution network connected flexible energy resources improved utilization for local (DSO) and system-wide (TSO) services were studied by PSCAD simulations during very low load situations
The focus was on the potential momentary mutual effects and simultaneous interaction between different functions
Summary
The potential of active (P) and reactive power (Q) control of distributed energy resources (DER). P and Q related flexibility services by DER can be realized by various inverter local control modes or functions Inverter control functions such as constant power factor (cosφ), fixed Q, Q(P), cosφ(P), QU, PU, and Pf, where f is frequency and U is voltage, are already required by different network connection and operation codes. In order to achieve the best possible voltage level control in both MV and LV networks simultaneously, the control settings of distribution grid connected DER need to be coordinated with the HV/MV substation’s OLTC settings. This paper studies and proposes new solutions and adaptive settings and management schemes in order to increase DER (PV) hosting capacity and the capability of distribution network connected.
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