Abstract
Single crystals of both tetragonal (rutile) GeO2 and hexagonal (quartz) GeO2 have been grown by top-seeding of appropriate molten salt solutions. Tetragonal GeO2 is grown from a Na2O solution (92.3 molar% GeO2), and hexagonal crystals are prepared using a Li2O · 2WO3 solution (26.2 molar% GeO2). The top-seeded method permits one to control solution growth so that only one crystal grows and the major crystal growth direction can be selected. Also, the growth process can be observed to some extent. Details of the apparatus and procedures for growing each of the GeO2 structures are given. Variations of thermal geometry in the solution, stirring, and seed orientation are shown to markedly influence the top-seeded growth process. The crystals are characterized by X-ray, optical absorption, and physical property studies. Spectrographic analysis shows that impurity levels in the GeO2 polymorphs are low.
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