Abstract
Microorganisms cope with a wide range of environmental challenges using different mechanisms. Their ability to prosper at extreme ambient pH and high temperatures has been well reported, but the adaptation mechanism often remains unrevealed. In this study, we addressed the dynamics of lipid and sugar profiles upon different cultivation conditions. The results showed that the cells grown at various pH and optimal temperature contained mannitol as the major cytosol sugar alcohol. The elevated temperature of 38 °C led to a two- to three-fold increase in total cytosol sugars with concurrent substitution of mannitol for trehalose. Lipid composition in the cells at optimal temperature changed insignificantly at any pH tested. The increase in the temperature caused some drop in the storage and membrane lipid levels, remarkable changes in their composition, and the degree of unsaturated fatty acids. It was shown that the fatty acid composition of some membrane phospholipids varied considerably at changing pH and temperature values. The data showed a pivotal role and flexibility of the sugar and lipid composition of Y. lipolytica W29 in adaptation to unfavorable environmental conditions.
Highlights
The Yarrowia lipolytica yeast is capable of adapting to various environmental challenges.The microorganism can prosper at extremely high and low [1] ambient pH [2], as well as under conditions of high salinity using either dry or hydrophobic substrates [3]
The Y. lipolytica yeast has been widely used for producing lipase, organic acids, and some recombinant proteins [4,5]
The yeast was grown at various ambient pH values
Summary
The Yarrowia lipolytica yeast is capable of adapting to various environmental challenges.The microorganism can prosper at extremely high (up to 9.5) and low (up to 2.5) [1] ambient pH [2], as well as under conditions of high salinity using either dry or hydrophobic substrates [3]. The ability of Y. lipolytica to utilize low-cost substrates of various compositions (petroleum waxes, crude biomass hydrolysates, and industrial waste) and to yield a large amount of biomass renders the yeast species a most prospective one for biotechnological use. The ability of living organisms to survive under stress is usually associated with changes in gene expression, resulting in some readjustments at the molecular and biochemical levels. External effects, such as temperature, ambient pH, and salinity, greatly influence the growth and development of a yeast cell. The adaptation response to changes in medium temperature and salinity besides adaptive synthesis of stress proteins includes the altered content of membrane lipids, accumulation of some
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