Soluble Cell Adhesion Molecules - Does Estimating sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 Concentration Provide Additional Information About Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease?

Abstract

Cell adhesion molecules (CAM) are thought to have agreat impact on endothelium functioning. Interaction between CAM and areceptor may lead to macrophage activation and the release of multiple enzymes such as elastases and colagenases. These enzymes can, in turn, play arole in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and initiation of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The main aim of this study was to assess the role of sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 in the risk stratification of ACS. 63patients -mean age 62.7±9.5years (26women, 37men) -were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: I-patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) diagnosed by coronary angiography (n=45: 15women; 30men); and II -patients without apparent CAD in coronary angiography (n=18: 11women, 7men). In both groups, samples required for sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 level measurements were collected before the angiography. Mean age, prevalence of arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease did not differ between the groups. Levels of sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 were significantly higher in groupI (group Ivs. groupII: 850.3±337.9 vs. 675.9±178.8; p=0.02 and 737.2±353.5 vs. 428.5±157.3; p=0.001 respectively). ROC analysis revealed that there is significantly higher risk of ACS above the level of 700.15ng/mL for sVCAM-1 and407.8ng/mL for sICAM-1. The level of sVCAM-1 was also found to be an independent risk factor of NSTEMI, OR 1.003 (95% CI: 1.0007-1.004); p=0.007, but not of STEMI (p>0.05). Levels of sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 were found to be negative predictors of acute coronary syndrome. Further studies should assess the relationship between sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels and the survival of patients suffering from CAD.