Solubility of Sulfamethazine in the Binary Mixture of Acetonitrile + Methanol from 278.15 to 318.15 K: Measurement, Dissolution Thermodynamics, Preferential Solvation, and Correlation

Rossember Edén Cardenas-Torres,Fleming Martínez,Claudia Patricia Ortiz,Daniel Ricardo Delgado

doi:10.3390/molecules26247588

Rossember Edén Cardenas-Torres, Fleming Martínez + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247588

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Abstract

Solubility of sulfamethazine (SMT) in acetonitrile (MeCN) + methanol (MeOH) cosolvents was determined at nine temperatures between 278.15 and 318.15 K. From the solubility data expressed in molar fraction, the thermodynamic functions of solution, transfer and mixing were calculated using the Gibbs and van ’t Hoff equations; on the other hand, the solubility data were modeled according to the Wilson models and NRTL. The solubility of SMT is thermo-dependent and is influenced by the solubility parameter of the cosolvent mixtures. In this case, the maximum solubility was achieved in the cosolvent mixture at 318.15 K and the minimum in pure MeOH at 278.15 K. According to the thermodynamic functions, the SMT solution process is endothermic in addition to being favored by the entropic factor, and as for the preferential solvation parameter, SMT tends to be preferentially solvated by MeOH in all cosolvent systems; however, , so the results are not conclusive. Finally, according to mean relative deviations (MRD%), the two models could be very useful tools for calculating the solubility of SMT in cosolvent mixtures and temperatures different from those reported in this research.

Highlights

Solubility is one of the main physicochemical parameters involved in drug development, since it is directly related to drug absorption and bioavailability
Cosolvency is relevant in solubility studies because it is a widely used strategy in the pharmaceutical industry to improve the solubility of drugs [10], in addition to being widely used in quantification processes, especially when liquid chromatography is used; solubility studies in cosolvent systems generate information that is potentially used for process optimization
According to the thermodynamic functions of the solution, the process is endothermic and driven by the enthalpy of the solution, while the transfer thermodynamics is conditioned by the polarity of the mixture

Summary

Introduction

Solubility is one of the main physicochemical parameters involved in drug development, since it is directly related to drug absorption and bioavailability. The importance of drug solubility has led to the development of one of the most important lines of research in the pharmaceutical industry, which consists in the development of mathematical models and has evolved towards the incursion of artificial intelligence in the development of algorithms that predict the solubility of drugs in different solvents [3,4,5,6,7,8,9] In this context, cosolvency is relevant in solubility studies because it is a widely used strategy in the pharmaceutical industry to improve the solubility of drugs [10], in addition to being widely used in quantification processes, especially when liquid chromatography is used; solubility studies in cosolvent systems generate information that is potentially used for process optimization. Indiscriminate use and ignorance of the dosage leads to contamination of soils and water sources due to the presence of SMT in animal manure and urine [15,16]

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