Abstract
The correct approach, based on the rules of conservation and detailed physicochemical/thermodynamic knowledge on the system considered is opposed to conventional approach to solubility and dissolution, based on stoichiometry of a reaction notation and on the solubility product (Ksp) of a precipitate. The correct approach is realized according to Generalized Approach to Electrolytic Systems (GATES) principles, with use of iterative programs applied for computational purposes. All the qualitative and quantitative knowledge is involved in the balances and independent expressions for the equilibrium constants. Three two-phase electrolytic systems with diversified chemical properties were selected carefully, from the viewpoint of their diversity. The results of calculations are presented graphically and discussed. The advantages of the GATES in resolution of two-phase (static) non-redox systems and one complex (dynamic) redox system are proved.
Highlights
The problem of solubility of chemical compounds occupies a prominent place in the scientific literature
This stems from the fact that among various properties determining the use of these compounds, the solubility is one of paramount importance
The solubility s [mol/L] of the precipitate should be considered as the sum of concentrations of all soluble species formed by the analyte in the liquid phase
Summary
The problem of solubility of chemical compounds occupies a prominent place in the scientific literature. Bility product Ksp value of this precipitate It is not the only parameter defining the real solubility s [mol/L] of the precipitate in two-phase system. Such “simplifications” made e.g. in [2], are unacceptable and give incorrect results, as proved in [3]-[6]. These objections, formulated in the light of the GATES [7], are presented in the current paper, related to two static non-redox systems, and one dynamic redox system. CuI present in the system in two consecutive stages of four-stage titrimetric procedure is affected by the components formed on earlier stages of this procedure
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