Abstract
The present work provides solubility measurements for two phenolic compounds, caffeic acid and tyrosol, in two protic ionic liquids, 2-hydroxyethylammonium formate (2HEAF) and 2-hydroxyethylammonium acetate (2HEAA), and in the Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) choline chloride-urea (ChCl:urea (1:2)). Solubility measurements of tyrosol were also performed in ethanol and water. All measurements were conducted under atmospheric pressure and in the temperature range of 293.15–313.15 K. Moreover, densities of pure 2HEAF, 2HEAA and ChCl:urea (1:2) and the viscosity of ChCl:urea (1:2), were measured. ChCl:urea (1:2) showed the highest solvation capacity among all the solvents studied for both compounds, while tyrosol was found to be more soluble than caffeic acid in all solvents. In order to better understand the solubilization process, the van't Hoff equation was applied for calculating the apparent Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy of solution. Finally, correlation of the solubility data was achieved with UNIQUAC and NRTL activity coefficient models.
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