Solid State Fermentation of Shrimp Shell Waste Using Pseudonocardia carboxydivorans 18A13O1 to Produce Bioactive Metabolites

Andi Setiawan,Aspita Laila,Masayoshi Arai,Widyastuti Widyastuti,Arik Irawan,Ni Luh Gede Ratna Juliasih,Wawan Abdullah Setiawan,Kenichi Nonaka,Oklis Syahrin Wijaya,John Hendri

doi:10.3390/fermentation7040247

Abstract

Marine actinomycetes are prolific microorganisms; however, knowledge of their diversity, distribution, and secondary metabolites is limited. Marine actinomycetes represent an untapped source of novel bioactive compounds. In this study, we investigated shrimp shell as substrates for model production bioactive metabolites from actinomycetes under solid state fermentation (SSF) conditions. A total of fifteen actinomycetes were isolated from six sponges and one tunicate. The isolated actinomycetes were grown on solid shrimp shells. Cultures of actinomycetes were extracted with ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and extracts were bioassayed for activity against Staphylococcus aureus. One isolate 18A13O1 from the sponge, Rhabdastrella globostellata, exhibited antibacterial activity on primary screening compared to the other samples and was chosen for further study. Visualization using SEM showed aerial and substrate mycelia. Through phylogenetic analysis, it was confirmed that isolate 18A13O1 is a Pseudonocardia carboxydivorans. Purification of an EtOAc extract yielded A13B2, which showed a minimum inhibition concentration against S. aureus at 15.6 μg/mL. It can be concluded that this basic information is very important for further studies related to the development of the production of bioactive secondary metabolites through the solid state fermentation process.

Highlights

Introduction iationsThe increase in shrimp shell waste from the seafood processing industry has occurred dramatically in recent years [1]
The results showed S. aureus was resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMX-CL)
Specialized metabolites are often restricted to a constricted set of species within a phylogenetic group [28]. This is the first report of solid state fermentation of marine spongeassociated P. carboxydivorans 18A13O1 on shrimp shell media

Summary

Introduction

Introduction iationsThe increase in shrimp shell waste from the seafood processing industry has occurred dramatically in recent years [1]. Efforts to utilize chitin from shrimp shell waste through chemical processes can have an impact on environmental damage [2]. The application of solid fermentation technology is the most common biological conversion process for low-cost raw materials, such as shrimp shell waste from the seafood industry [3]. Through this process, microorganisms have the ability to recycle shrimp shell waste to produce high-value compounds to meet industrial needs, while increasing economic value that is sustainable and environmentally friendly. The utilization of shrimp shell waste with an alternative technology to replace chemical methods is a Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

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