Abstract
Gas turbines (GTEs) are often utilised in harsh environments where the GT components, including compressor vanes and rotor blades, are subject to erosion damage by sand and dust particles. For instance, in a desert environment, the rate of damage made by solid particles erosion (SPE) becomes severe, and therefore results in degradation to the GTE parts, lowering the cycle efficiency, reducing the device lifetime, and increasing the overall cost of the operation. As such, understanding the erosion mechanism caused by solid particles and the effects associated with it is crucial for selecting the appropriate countermeasures and maintaining the system performance. This review paper provides a survey of the available studies on SPE effects on GTEs and surface protective coatings. Firstly, the ductile and brittle SPE mechanism is presented, as well as the ductile-brittle transition region. Then, an in-depth focus on the parameters associated with the SPE, such as particles properties and impingement conditions, is introduced. Furthermore, the existing theoretical models are shown and discussed. Afterwards, erosion resistant coating materials for surface protection and their selection criteria are covered in the review. Finally, the gap in knowledge and future research direction in the field of SPE on GTEs are provided.
Highlights
The demand for energy is rising globally due to economic and population growth
Gas turbines (GTEs) are widely employed in propulsion and power generation in ships, aircraft, and industry because of their ability to operate in a wide range of environmental conditions and with high operating efficiency
This paper has reviewed the literature available in the public domain on solid particles erosion (SPE) occurring when
Summary
The demand for energy is rising globally due to economic and population growth. Concerns regarding energy security will grow as more energy resources are required. The gas turbine engine (GTEs) industry is a crucial contributor to the global economy and has seen continuous growth since its early years [2,3]. Concerns for GTE life cycle management includes maintenance and operating costs, reliability, and availability of replacement parts [4,5,6,7]. Modern operating concepts require GTEs to operate with the highest performance factors while complying with the environmental regulations and being operational feasible. The availability and performance of GTEs can be improved through an understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to the degradation of components. This will help recognise the causes of reduced performance and should significantly
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