Abstract
The aim of this study was to design and characterize solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) modified with stearic acid–octaarginine (SA-R8) as carriers for oral administration of insulin (SA-R 8-Ins-SLNs). The SLNs were prepared by spontaneous emulsion solvent diffusion methods. The mean particle size, zeta potential, drug loading, and encapsulation efficiency of the SA-R8-Ins-SLNs were 162 nm, 29.87 mV, 3.19%, and 76.54%, respectively. The zeta potential of the SLNs changed dramatically, from −32.13 mV to 29.87 mV, by binding the positively charged SA-R8. Morphological studies of SA-R8-Ins-SLNs using transmission electron microscopy showed that they were spherical. In vitro, a degradation experiment by enzymes showed that SLNs and SA-R8 could partially protect insulin from proteolysis. Compared to the insulin solution, the SA-R8-Ins-SLNs increased the Caco-2 cell’s internalization by up to 18.44 times. In the in vivo studies, a significant hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats over controls was obtained, with a SA-R8-Ins-SLN pharmacological availability value of 13.86 ± 0.79. These results demonstrate that SA-R8-modified SLNs promote the oral absorption of insulin.
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