Abstract
Abstract Remote areas usually lack basic clean water services. Considering low population, poor geographical accessibility and lack of electricity, a small-scaled water treatment system capable of producing clean fresh water associated with solar thermal/photovoltaic applications, which is characterized with low capital cost, easy operation and less need of maintenance, is employed in the techno-economic study. Indonesia is one of the countries which owns considerable water resources in their territories but has moderate coverage in basic water services, and is chosen as a case for demonstration. The price of clean water from this system is profitable as compared to that of bottled water, which is an accessible safe water in these areas, but still much higher than that of municipal water. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.
Highlights
Fresh water is one of the critical and essential things for human life
Water demand is calculated with Equation (2) by taking Psv 1⁄4 300 and h 1⁄4 3.6
If the local price of bottled water was 10% higher than that adopted in the present study (US $19 per m3) due to higher transportation cost, the payback period could be shortened by 10%; in other words, it can be reduced from 4.54 years to 4.09 years
Summary
Fresh water is one of the critical and essential things for human life. Without water, human beings can survive for a few days only (Popkin et al ; UN ). Since the present interest is focused on remote villages which have less population and poor geographical accessibility, in addition to lacking electricity, small-scaled, stand-alone water treatment systems with solar thermal application, such as schematically shown, are selected for the following analysis.
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