Abstract
ABSTRACT The first part of this paper examines the history of solar eclipse maps of the world from the seventeenth century to present. It compares the path of centrality (totality or annularity) on a few antique maps with the corresponding path given by modern astronomy programs. The research examines the connections between cartography, astronomy, ancient history, chronology, and archaeology. Since the uncertainties of Delta-T are accountable for the accuracy of eclipse maps, special attention has been devoted to ancient key eclipses. Through the identification of the earliest solar eclipse traditions in the Near East, it recommends new chronological anchors to help astronomers, mapmakers, and editors of historical atlases. It suggests the acceptance of four eclipses of the Long Chronology between June 2353 B.C. and February 1659 B.C. for the rate of Earth’s rotation. Optimal combined selection of ancient historical eclipse records and traditions is presented, to obtain the best-fitting curve of Delta-T (clock-time error) that is the key for the accuracy of solar eclipse maps. Several early historical solar eclipses are identified with high probability.
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