Solar drying of oregano leaves (Plectranthus amboinicus, Lour): Analysis of experimental performance under a tropical climate

Abstract

Despite the multiple applications of the oregano ( Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour)), an important herbaceous plant because of its medicinal and culinary properties, limited research has been conducted on this species’ solar drying. Thus, the experimental drying of oregano leaves in a tropical climate was performed using direct and indirect solar drying and an electric oven in this research work. Also, mathematical modeling of the drying process, moisture diffusivity, activation energy, and colorimetric analysis (as a quality parameter) were accomplished to complement the experimental evaluation and understand the drying process behavior. The results show a shorter drying time obtained with the electric oven with 210 min reached at 65°C; however, the minimum solar drying time (250 min) was achieved with a maximum drying rate of 0.025 g water/g dry matter per minute and minimum final moisture between 0.28 and 0.13 g water/g dry matter was obtained with indirect solar dryer. Moreover, the models that better represented the experimental data were Modified Page, Page, and Logarithmic, with a maximum value of R2 obtained of 0.9980 corresponding to the Logarithmic model. Furthermore, a maximum effective diffusivity value of 1.81E-9 was obtained with direct solar dryer natural convection, while for the electric oven, were 1.14E-10, 2.280E-10, and 1.026E-09 for 45, 55, and 65°C, respectively. The activation energy for water diffusion in oregano leaves was 55.66 and 97.78 kJ/g mol for solar dryers and electric ovens, respectively, which were values very close to those reported in the literature. Finally, the colorimetric analysis exhibited a minimum color change value of 17.1 obtained for the indirect solar dryer, allowing better oregano preservation and maintaining its quality for the market, which makes it ideal for drying oregano in tropical climates and promotes solar drying use for sustainable growth of the region.