Soil Moisture Dynamic Change of Different Vegetation Restoration Patterns in Karst Faulted Basins

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 黄土丘陵沟壑区不同植被恢复格局下土壤微生物群落结构 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201306081455 作者: 作者单位: 河南省科学院地理研究所,河南省科学院地理研究所,中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: s154.36 基金项目: 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项资助（XDA01050104） Soil microbial community structure under different vegetation restoration patterns in the loess hilly area Author: Affiliation: Institute of Geographical Sciences, Henan Academy of Sciences,,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:针对典型黄土丘陵沟壑区陕西延安羊圈沟小流域坡面上单一刺槐林、单一撂荒草地以及林草搭配的草地-林地-草地及林地-草地-林地4种不同植被格局，利用磷脂脂肪酸（phospholipid fatty acid，PLFA）谱图分析法对土壤微生物群落结构进行监测研究，旨在揭示坡面上不同的植被恢复格局对土壤微生物群落结构的影响。研究发现4种不同植被格局下，2种林草搭配的植被格局磷脂脂肪酸的结构比较相似，与单一植被格局相比，表层土壤中表征真菌的特征脂肪酸所占的比例有所提高。主成分分析显示4种植被格局0-10 cm土壤微生物群落结构存在差异，差异主要存在于2种林草搭配的植被格局与2种单一的植被格局之间，其中草地-林地-草地的植被格局与刺槐林和撂荒草地之间土壤微生物群落结构的差异均达到了显著水平。不同微生物菌群的量在4种植被格局土壤间显著性差异主要存在于表层土壤中的细菌菌群和革兰氏阳性菌，革兰氏阴性菌和真菌在4种植被格局土壤之间无显著差异。总之，4种不同植被恢复格局的土壤微生物群落结构存在差异且差异主要存在于表层土壤，坡面上人工林的种植及林草搭配的恢复模式较直接撂荒更有利于提高微生物菌群的生物量。 Abstract:Soil erosion is still severe in the Loess Plateau, and vegetation restoration practices are effective measures to fight it by reducing nutrient loss and improving soil quality. Soil microorganisms are important for soil ecosystem, which play crucial roles in biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem functioning. Soil biological and biochemical properties, such as microbial biomass, microbial community composition, and microbial functional diversity are frequently used for detecting accurate changes in soil properties. The major purpose of this study therefore, is to discover the effects of different vegetation restoration patterns on soil microbial community structures in the Loess Plateau. The study area was located in Yangjuangou catchment, a typical loess hilly area near Yan'an city of northern Shaanxi province, China. Four typical hillslopes, including F (artificial forest), G (grass), G-F-G (grass on the upper and lower slopes and artificial forest on the middle slope), and F-G-F (artificial forest on the upper and lower slopes and grass on the middle slope), were chosen. Several soil sampling sites, each covered by an area of 200m2, were conducted on the summit, shoulder, backslope, footslope and toeslope along each hillslope, respectively. Three experimental plots in each site were conducted with an area of 25 m2. Soil samples in the first two vertical layers (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) were collected in August of 2007, for analyzing soil microbial community structure and soil physicochemical properties. Soil microbial community structure was analyzed by using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analytical method and soil physicochemical properties were done by general soil and agricultural chemistry analytical methods. Results showed that significant difference of phospholipid fatty acid composition existed between different soil layers and soils with different vegetation restoration patterns, mainly in surface soil layer collected from G-F-G and F-G-F differing with that from F and G. The proportion of phospholipid fatty acid indicated fungi was higher in the surface soils under G-F-G and F-G-F, compared to F and G. Principal components analysis (PCA) showed that in the 0-10 cm soil layer, the phospholipid fatty acid structure of G-F-G was different with that of F and G, while the phospholipid fatty acid structure of F-G-F was different with F significantly. The biomass of soil bacteria, fungi, Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria under F-G-F pattern were all captured the highest values. There was significant difference of soil bacteria biomass and Gram-positive bacteria biomass in the surface soil layers among the four mentioned vegetation restoration patterns. The biomass of soil bacteria and fungi, however, had non-significant difference among 10-20 cm soil layers with different vegetation restoration patterns. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that soil organic carbon and total nitrogen had more important relationship with soil microbial community. However, the effects of some physicochemical properties such like pH and bulk density on soil microbial community needed more study. In conclusion, microbial community structure was dissimilar in soils and significant difference mainly appeared in surface soil layers under four vegetation restoration patterns. The roles of artificial forestation and forest-grass collocation on the slope in improving soil microbial biomass were believed much better than abandoned farmland. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Changes in soil microbial functional diversity under different vegetation restoration patterns for Hulunbeier Sandy Land

The effects of different vegetation restoration patterns on soil bacterial diversity for sandy land in Hulunbeier

The Grain-for-Green project is an important ecological restoration measure to address the degradation of alpine ecosystems in China, which has an important impact on the ecological stoichiometry of soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). However, soil stoichiometry changes under different vegetation restoration patterns and at different soil depths remain poorly understood in the alpine region of the Loess Plateau. To clarify these soil stoichiometry changes, a 0–60 cm soil profile was sampled from two typical vegetation restoration patterns: grassland (GL) and forestland (FL), including Picea crassifolia (PC), Larix principis-rupprechtii (LR), Populus cathayana (PR) and Betula platyphylla (BP). The control was a wheat field (WF). In all soil layers, the soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), soil available nitrogen and potassium (AN and AK, respectively) and C:P, C:K, N:P and N:K ratios of FL were higher than those of GL and WF. The TN content and N:P and N:K ratios of GL were higher than those of WF in each soil layer. Additionally, the soil nutrients (except TK) of all vegetation types and stoichiometry of PR and GL (except the N:P ratio of GL) were greater at 0–20 cm than at 20–60 cm. Moreover, the SOC and TN showed the strongest correlation with the soil stoichiometry (except P:K ratio); thus, C and N had the greatest effect on the soil stoichiometry. Furthermore, soil fertility was limited by N. Our results indicated that different vegetation restoration patterns and soil depths had significant effects on the soil nutrients and stoichiometry in the alpine region of the Loess Plateau. The recovery of farmland to forestland promoted better improvements of soil nutrients, and PR had the most significant positive effect on soil surface nutrients.

In order to explore the coupling coordination relationship between habitat materials and vegetation system in the engineering disturbed area, six different vegetation restoration patterns in Xiangjiaba engineering disturbed region were utilized as research objects. An evaluation system of 14 habitat materials indicators and 10 vegetation indicators was established. The weight of each indicator was determined by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and the interrelationship between habitat material and vegetation system was investigated using the Partial Least Square Path model (PLS-PM). Finally, a model for the degree of coupling coordination between habitat materials and vegetation system under different vegetation restoration modes was constructed. The results showed that: 1) habitat materials and vegetation system are closely related, and the habitat materials have a stronger impact on ecosystem restoration. Artificial vegetation restoration technologies can effectively improve soil conditions in engineering disturbed areas, allowing for vegetation restoration in a healthy environment. 2) Under different vegetation restoration patterns, the habitat materials and vegetation coupling coordination index of natural forest plots, frame beam filling soil plots, thick layer base material spraying plots, guest external soil spray seeding plots, vegetation concrete plots, and abandon slag slope plots was 0.767, 0.673, 0.669, 0.625, 0.557, and 0.400, respectively. The development of habitat materials and vegetation in guest external soil spray seeding plots was of a synchronous type. The vegetation development lagged behind habitat materials in thick layer base material spraying plots, vegetation concrete plots, and abandon slag slope plots, while habitat materials lagged behind vegetation development in natural forest plots, frame beam filling soil plots. The model for the degree of coupling coordination between habitat materials and vegetation constructed in this study can serve as a scientific reference for evaluating the impact of ecological restoration engineering in other similar projects.

An appropriate vegetation restoration pattern is crucial for maintaining and enhancing ecosystem functions and services in karst rocky desertification control areas. However, it is still unclear whether different vegetation restoration patterns will aggravate the trade-off of grassland ecosystem services in this area. This study focuses on grassland ecosystems in the karst desertification control area, comparing artificial restoration measures (Dactylis glomerata single-species sowing grassland, DG; Lolium perenne single-species sowing grassland, LP; Lolium perenne + Trifolium repens mixed-species sowing grassland, LT) with natural restoration measures (NG). Seven ecosystem services (forage yield, soil retention, soil water conservation, carbon fixation and release, soil carbon storage, soil nutrient retention, and biodiversity conservation) as well as total ecosystem services were quantified using field monitoring data. The relationships between these services were evaluated through Spearman correlation analysis. The results showed that different vegetation restoration patterns significantly influenced the provisioning, regulating, and supporting services of the grassland ecosystem (p < 0.001). Three types of relationships were observed (trade-off, synergy, and neutral), but the trade-off relationship was not significant (p > 0.05). The total ecosystem service of LT (0.79) was significantly higher than that of NG (0.21), DG (0.36), and LP (0.41), with a significant synergy observed between soil nutrient conservation, forage yield, and carbon sequestration and oxygen release (p < 0.05). Therefore, LT is considered the best vegetation restoration practice for the karst rocky desertification control area compared with other patterns. This study provides theoretical guidance for vegetation restoration in degraded karst ecosystems.

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 植被恢复模式对石漠化生态系统碳储量的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201806051267 作者: 作者单位: 中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心,广西友谊关森林生态系统定位观测研究站;中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心,广西友谊关森林生态系统定位观测研究站;中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心,中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心,广西友谊关森林生态系统定位观测研究站;中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心,广西友谊关森林生态系统定位观测研究站;中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心,中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家国际科技合作专项项目（2015DFA31440） Effect of vegetation restoration patterns on the carbon storage in a rocky desertification ecosystem Author: Affiliation: Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry,,,,,,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为揭示石漠化生态系统碳储量对植被恢复模式的响应，在广西天等县中度石漠化山地，研究了吊丝竹纯林（Dendrocalamus minor D）、任豆纯林（Zenia insignis Z）、任豆、蚬木（Buerretiodendron hsienmu）和顶果木（Acrocarpus fraxinifolius）混交林（mixed plantation M），以及相应同龄封育林（DCK、ZCK、MCK）的碳储量。结果表明：人工林碳储量显著高于相应同龄封育林的碳储量，D、Z、M人工林碳储量分别为67.75、66.56、121.20 t/hm2，而DCK、ZCK、MCK封育林仅为49.75、52.89、60.86 t/hm2。碳储量在乔木层、地被物层、土壤层分配排序因生态系统类型而异，如M：乔木层 > 土壤层 > 地被物层；D和Z：土壤层 > 乔木层 > 地被物层；DCK、ZCK和MCK：土壤层>地被物层>乔木层。此外，M、D、Z乔木层年平均碳储量差异显著，而封育林尚未形成乔木层，其植被碳储量则随封育时间的增加而提高，即MCK > ZCK > DCK。可见，在中度石漠化山地，植被恢复模式显著影响生态系统碳储量及其分配。人工造林相对于封山育林更能快速促进植被恢复、形成乔木林，从而提高生态系统碳储量。 Abstract:To explore the responses of carbon storage to different vegetation restoration patterns in a rocky desertification ecosystem in Tiandeng County, Guangxi, we selected pure plantations of Dendrocalamus minor (D) and Zenia insignis (Z), a mixed plantation (M) of Z, Buerretiodendron hsienmu (B) and Acrocarpus fraxinifolius (A), as well as their corresponding closed forests (DCK, ZCK, MCK) with same ages to determine the carbon storage. Our results showed that the carbon storages of pure and mixed plantations were significantly higher than those of the corresponding closed forests, (P < 0.05), since the carbon storages of D, Z, and M plantations were 67.75, 66.56, and 121.20 t/hm2, seperately, whereas those of DCK, ZCK, and MCK were only 49.75, 52.89, and 60.86 t/hm2, respectively. The orders of carbon storage in the layers of tree, ground cover, and soil varied with the ecosystem types. For example, in M:tree layer > soil layer > ground cover layer; in D and Z plantations:soil layer > tree layer > ground cover layer; in DCK, ZCK, and MCK: soil layer > ground cover layer > tree layer. Additionally, the annual average carbon storage of the tree layer was significantly different among M, D, and Z (P < 0.05). However, the enclosed forests did not form arboreal forest and the carbon storage of vegetation increased with enclosure time (MCK > ZCK > DCK). This study suggests that different vegetation restoration patterns can significantly affect the carbon storage and its allocation in the moderate rocky desertification ecosystem, and afforestation is a more effective way to improve the vegetation restoration, form arboreal forests, and further increase the ecosystem carbon storage, compared to the closed forest. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Forest and grass composite patterns improve the soil quality in the coastal saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Delta, China

Organic carbon, nitrogen accumulation, and soil aggregate dynamics as affected by vegetation restoration patterns in the Loess Plateau of China

The Grain for Green Project (GGP) by the Chinese government was an important vegetation restoration project in ecologically fragile and severely degraded karst regions. Soil fungi play a facilitating role in the cycling of nutrients both above and below the ground, which is crucial for maintaining ecosystem function and stability. In karst regions, their role is particularly critical due to the unique geological and soil characteristics, as they mitigate soil erosion, enhance soil fertility, and promote vegetation growth. However, little is known about how the implementation of this project shifts the co-occurrence network topological features and assembly processes of karst soil fungi, which limits our further understanding of karst vegetation restoration. By using MiSeq high-throughput sequencing combined with null model analysis technology, we detected community diversity, composition, co-occurrence networks, and assembly mechanisms of soil fungi under three GGP patterns (crop, grassland, and plantation) in the southwestern karst region. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the main fungal phyla in all the karst soils. Returning crop to plantation and grassland had no significant effect on α diversity of soil fungi (P > 0.05), but did significantly affect the β diversity (P = 0.001). Soil moisture and total nitrogen (TN) were the main factors affecting the community structure of soil fungi. Compared with crop, soil fungi networks in grassland and plantation exhibited a higher nodes, edges, degree, and relatively larger network size, indicating that vegetation restoration enhanced fungal interactions. The soil fungi networks in grassland and plantation were more connected than those in crop, implying that the interaction between species was further strengthened after returning the crop to plantation and grassland. In addition, null-model analysis showed that the assembly process of soil fungal communities from crop to grassland and plantation shifted from an undominant process to dispersal limitation. These data indicated that GGP in karst region changed the composition and assembly mechanisms of the soil fungal community and enhanced the interaction between fungal species, which can contribute to a better understanding of the fungal mechanisms involved in the restoration of degraded karst soils through vegetation recovery.

ABSTRACTMicrobial residue carbon (MRC) is an important source of soil organic carbon (SOC) and plays a vital role in the accumulation and retention of SOC. Vegetation restoration is an effective strategy for restoring degraded lands. However, there are no studies on how the MRC in a profile changes with vegetation restoration. We evaluated MRC (using amino sugars) accumulation and its contribution to SOC at different soil depths (0–20, 20–50, and 50–100 cm) during vegetation restoration in a severely eroded forest (CK), a restored forest (ecological restoration management), an orchard (development management pattern), and a secondary forest (ideal control). Microbial biomarkers were extracted from the soil profiles and used to measure microbial diversity and microbial community composition (using 16S rRNA). Vegetation restoration, soil depth, and their interaction with each other significantly affected the MRC, fungal residue carbon (FRC), and bacterial residue carbon (BRC) contents. The MRC content tended to increase across the four vegetation restoration patterns in the following order: CK (323.25 mg kg−1) &lt; orchard (1035.67 mg kg−1) &lt; restored forest (2919.01 mg kg−1) &lt; secondary forest (6556.72 mg kg−1). Furthermore, the contribution of MRC to SOC increased with increasing soil depth in the restored forest. The contributions of total MRC to the SOC content varied from 13.12% to 71.88%. The rapid accumulation of MRC was substantially influenced by the SOC content, total nitrogen content, soil pH, bacterial and fungal diversity, and bacterial and fungal phyla. In conclusion, the patterns of vegetation restoration and soil depth play important roles in the accumulation of soil MRC in red soil erosion areas. These findings are pivotal for improving our mechanistic understanding of the microbial regulation of SOC preservation during vegetation restoration of a degraded ecosystem.

A large-scale afforestation project has been carried out since 1999 in the Loess Plateau of China. However, vegetation-induced changes in land surface temperature (LST) through the changing land surface energy balance have not been well documented. Using satellite measurements, this study quantified the contribution of vegetation restoration to the changes in summer LST and analyzed the effects of different vegetation restoration patterns on LST during both daytime and nighttime. The results show that the average daytime LST decreased by 4.3°C in the vegetation restoration area while the average nighttime LST increased by 1.4°C. The contributions of the vegetation restoration project to the changes in daytime LST and nighttime LST are 58% and 60%, respectively, which are far greater than the impact of climate change. The vegetation restoration pattern of cropland (CR) converting into artificial forest (AF) has a cooling effect during daytime and a warming effect at nighttime, while the conversion of CR to grassland has an opposite effect compared with the conversion of CR to AF. Our results indicate that increasing evapotranspiration caused by the vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau is the controlling factor of daytime LST change, while the nighttime LST change is affected by soil humidity and air humidity.

Soil microorganisms play an important role in the circulation of materials and nutrients between plants and soil ecosystems, but the drivers of microbial community composition and diversity remain uncertain in different vegetation restoration patterns. We studied soil physicochemical properties (i.e., soil moisture, bulk density, pH, soil nutrients, available nutrients), plant characteristics (i.e., Shannon index [HPlant] and Richness index [SPlant], litter biomass [LB], and fine root biomass [FRB]), and microbial variables (biomass, enzyme activity, diversity, and composition of bacterial and fungal communities) in different plant succession patterns (Robinia pseudoacacia [MF], Caragana korshinskii [SF], and grassland [GL]) on the Loess Plateau. The herb communities, soil microbial biomass, and enzyme activities were strongly affected by vegetation restoration, and soil bacterial and fungal communities were significantly different from each other at the sites. Correlation analysis showed that LB and FRB were significantly positively correlated with the Chao index of soil bacteria, soil microbial biomass, enzyme activities, Proteobacteria, Zygomycota, and Cercozoa, while negatively correlated with Actinobacteria and Basidiomycota. In addition, soil water content (SW), pH, and nutrients have important effects on the bacterial and fungal diversities, as well as Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Nitrospirae, Zygomycota, and microbial biomass. Furthermore, plant characteristics and soil properties modulated the composition and diversity of soil microorganisms, respectively. Overall, the relative contribution of vegetation and soil to the diversity and composition of soil bacterial and fungal communities illustrated that plant characteristics and soil properties may synergistically modulate soil microbial communities, and the composition and diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities mainly depend on plant biomass and soil nutrients.

Effects of two perennials, fallow and millet on distribution of phosphorous in soil and biomass on sloping loess land, China

Soil erosion on the Loess Plateau of China is effectively controlled due to the implementation of several ecological restoration projects that improve soil properties and reduce soil erodibility. However, few studies have examined the effects of vegetation restoration on soil properties and erodibility of gully head in the gully regions of the Loess Plateau. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of vegetation restoration on soil properties and erodibility in this region. Specifically, a control site in a slope cropland and 9 sites in 3 restored land-use types (5 sites in grassland, 3 in woodland and 1 in shrubland) in the Nanxiaohegou watershed of a typical gully region on the Loess Plateau were selected, and soil and root samples were collected to assess soil properties and root characteristics. Soil erodibility factor was calculated by the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator method. Our results revealed that vegetation restoration increased soil sand content, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, organic matter content and mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregate but decreased soil silt and clay contents and soil disintegration rate. A significant difference in soil erodibility was observed among different vegetation restoration patterns or land-use types. Compared with cropland, soil erodibility decreased in the restored lands by 3.99% to 21.43%. The restoration patterns of Cleistogenes caespitosa K. and Artemisia sacrorum L. in the grassland showed the lowest soil erodibility and can be considered as the optimal vegetation restoration pattern for improving soil anti-erodibility of the gully heads. Additionally, the negative linear change in soil erodibility for grassland with restoration time was faster than those of woodland and shrubland. Soil erodibility was significantly correlated with soil particle size distribution, soil disintegration rate, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, water-stable aggregate stability, organic matter content and root characteristics (including root average diameter, root length density, root surface density and root biomass density), but it showed no association with soil bulk density and soil total porosity. These findings indicate that although vegetation destruction is a short-term process, returning the soil erodibility of cropland to the level of grassland, woodland and shrubland is a long-term process (8–50 years).