Abstract
The growth of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies is leading to new opportunities in the heat pump sector for residential air conditioning, in which fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) techniques are being developed from measured data to better manage maintenance operations. This paper presents a physics-based digital model simulating the effects of soft faults (refrigerant leakages and condenser/evaporator fouling) concurring with different intensities on a residential heat pump system. Firstly, their effect on cooling capacity and COP has been analysed. Then, each thermodynamic cycle (as a sequence of measured pressures and temperatures) uniquely related to a peculiar combination of fault intensities is determined. In this way, the field of faults which can be uniquely diagnosed and evaluated has been calculated, and the interrelationship between this field and the uncertainty of the measurements has been demonstrated. The results are encouraging, since common instruments available on the market may detect penalizations of the energetic performance as small as 5%.
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