Soft Composites Filled with Iron Oxide and Graphite Nanoplatelets under Static and Cyclic Strain for Different Industrial Applications.

Abstract

Simultaneously exhibiting both a magnetic response and piezoelectric energy harvesting in magneto-rheological elastomers (MREs) is a win–win situation in a soft (hardness below 65) composite-based device. In the present work, composites based on iron oxide (Fe2O3) were prepared and exhibited a magnetic response; other composites based on the electrically conductive reinforcing nanofiller, graphite nanoplatelets (GNP), were also prepared and exhibited energy generation. A piezoelectric energy-harvesting device based on composites exhibited an impressive voltage of ~10 V and demonstrated a high durability of 0.5 million cycles. These nanofillers were added in room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV-SR) and their magnetic response and piezoelectric energy generation were studied both in single and hybrid form. The hybrid composite consisted of 10 per hundred parts of rubber (phr) of Fe2O3 and 10 phr of GNP. The experimental data show that the compressive modulus of the composites was 1.71 MPa (virgin), 2.73 (GNP), 2.65 MPa (Fe2O3), and 3.54 MPa (hybrid). Similarly, the fracture strain of the composites was 89% (virgin), 109% (GNP), 105% (Fe2O3), 133% (hybrid). Moreover, cyclic multi-hysteresis tests show that the hybrid composites exhibiting higher mechanical properties had the shortcoming of showing higher dissipation losses. In the end, this work demonstrates a rubber composite that provides an energy-harvesting device with an impressive voltage, high durability, and MREs with high magnetic sensitivity.