Abstract
Optimal blood glucose control helps reduce the development of the complications of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM patients usually are at increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events and mortality. Therapies and strategies to treat diabetes and its related CV outcomes still need more investigation to find the best management options for this population. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors have several benefits over multiple organ systems of the human body. However, the comparative effectiveness of this drug class is still not well-established. Our review aims to assess SGLT-2 inhibitors' effects on the CV complications that occur because of uncontrolled diabetes.A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed and PubMed Central to find the relevant studies that were done from 2016 through 2020 to gather data for this review article. Those studies include reviews, randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.Studies used in this article found an associated decrease in CV complications and mortality in patients with T2DM who received treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors compared to the placebo group. These drugs have shown significant efficacy and safety outcomes in diabetic patients with heart disease, as they are glycosuric and diuretics, both of which are characteristics that could provide benefits to this population.SGLT-2 inhibitors appear to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality, suggesting that the benefits of these drugs seen in people with diabetes may apply to a broad population in the real world. We recommend further studies should confirm the immense clinical benefits with SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with T2DM.
Highlights
BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is a group of diseases that affects multiple organs of the human body in various ways
All seven studies suggested a decreased risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality in T2DM patients treated with Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors versus a placebo
All the results of empagliflozin vs. placebo are similar in the Asian population in T2DM with existing cardiovascular death as compared to the overall population, including cardiovascular outcomes, glycemic control, and all-cause mortality [8]
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases that affects multiple organs of the human body in various ways. Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) had a worldwide prevalence of 10% in the general population and affected more than 415 million adults in 2013, and this number was projected to increase to 592 million by 2035. T2DM currently affects over 350 million patients globally, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a severe complication of T2DM, i.e., primarily associated with excess mortality and morbidity in up to 80% of patients [1]. Patients with T2DM are at a high risk of developing macrovascular events. Its treatment needs a multifactorial approach, as it results in the reduction of macrovascular complications and mortality related to type 2 diabetes (T2D) [2]
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