Sodium Sulphate Reactivates a Protein A Minidomain with a Short Elastin β-Turn

Abstract

Elastin polymer sequences derived from muscle exhibit temperature and salt-induced reversible contractions and expansions. A folded and contracted β-turn helical elastin structure is stabilised by increased intramolecular hydrophobic interactions. We have generated a switchable binding protein by inserting a typical elastin turn sequence, GVPGVG, between the two IgG-binding helices of an engineered globular minidomain from Protein A. This mutant showed increased binding of IgG-molecules compared to the wild-type sequence in the presence of sodium sulphate, as measured by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Analysis by circular dichroism revealed a salt-induced folding of the mutant minidomain to a native type I β-turn, likely stabilised as a result of the two interacting dehydrated valines across the β-turn. Since sodium sulphate can be successfully used to regulate the folding/unfolding or binding/dissociation of this minidomain, this suggests an alternative protein purification method.