Socio-economic significance of oil crops products

Abstract

The article reflects the socio-economic importance of oilseeds in the domestic market of consumption, focuses on the indispensability of processing sunflower, soybeans, canola, mustard, flax oil for food and the economic effect of using oilseeds for producers of these products in the agricultural market. . It is established that the production of oilseeds is an integral part of the diet of the population of Ukraine, an important segment of the livestock industry, an important sector of the agricultural economy. It is noted that domestic products of oilseeds processing dominate export markets. It is determined that the innovative direction today is the use of waste from oilseeds processing in the bioenergy industry. The purpose of the article is to to reveal the socio-economic significance of oilseeds in Ukraine and to determine further prospects for development at the present stage of functioning of the domestic agricultural market. Research methods – system generalization, abstract-logical, analysis and synthesis, observation, comparison. Research results. Today, Ukraine in the world market of oilseeds occupies a leading position in terms of their production and exports of processed products. For the last 20 years, the oil and fat industry has dominated the agricultural market of Ukraine in terms of price, profitability, value added, production rates, etc. Production chains have been formed from small farmers to processors of raw materials and exporters of oil and seeds. It is profitable and profitable to produce oilseeds, the resulting products are liquid and in demand in the market. The structure of consumption of sunflower processing products: meal – 25%, oil – 10%; rapeseed: meal – 20%, oil – 0.7%; soy: meal – 35%, oil – 0.3%. So, the vast majority of products are exported. Sunflower is a strategic oil crop in Ukraine, which has "established" itself on production areas as the main oil crop, and the products of its processing are a significant export product. Demand for sunflower oil is growing every year due to increasing demand from importing countries. Rapeseed is gaining momentum in the domestic market of oilseeds due to the growth of its processing. Rapeseed is a crop with a wide range of uses. Sleeveless low-glucosinolate varieties of rapeseed provide high-quality meal, feed improvers. In the agronomic aspect, rapeseed has undeniable advantages in that it provides up to 1.5-2.0 tons of oil from 1 hectare of field. Soybeans are a valuable protein-oil crop that has a wide range of uses: feed production, food, technical purposes, medicine. Soybeans have a fairly high productivity, a wide range of distribution. When growing soybeans, both protein and vegetable oil are obtained. Ukraine consumes about 50 thousand per month. tons of soybean meal and cake. In the general structure of forages soybean meal occupies 23%. Despite the multi-vector application of finished products of oilseed flax, mustard and products of their processing, the dynamics of production of these crops in Ukraine has a downward trend. Mustard seed production in Ukraine is a chaotic phenomenon. Oilseed flax seeds and oil are used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Mustard is of great importance as an oil crop, and mustard oil is not inferior in quality to sunflower. Conclusions. The food industry is shaping the demand for sunflower oil with a high content of oleic acid. The market for high-oleic sunflower is constantly growing and isolating. A promising direction for sunflower is the production of organic sunflower and the emphasis on the quality of the final product. The prospect of expanding the rapeseed market is due to a number of factors: rapeseed is a universal agro-ecological crop that has a beneficial effect on the soil and is an excellent precursor to winter cereals; rapeseed oil is one of the cheapest vegetable oils used in many industries; rapeseed oil is used as the main raw material for biofuel production. Soybean as a unique protein-oil crop with a wide range of uses has the potential to increase production in the domestic agricultural market due to high yields and a wide range. At the same time it is necessary to take into account the leading positions of this culture in terms of production in the world. Regarding oil flax and mustard, we believe that these crops have the potential to increase production. This is due to the fact that oil flax is suitable for growing in all regions of Ukraine, and is also characterized by waste-free production. A similar position on mustard – Ukraine belongs to the traditional world areas of mustard cultivation, and the use of modern technologies of mustard cultivation can give a harvest that is not inferior to the yield of rapeseed.