Abstract
Introduction. The relevance of the issue of socio-economic deprivation is due to the fact that the lack of attention to the solution of this problem may lead to manifestation of discontent of both individuals and social groups, which may threaten the stability of Russia’s society. In this regard, in order to preserve stability in the society, it is necessary to study the low-income population and the socio-economic factors of deprivation. The aim of the research is to identify the socio-economic indicators of deprivation of the low-income population in the Penza Region. Materials and Methods. To achieve this goal, a research was conducted, aimed at identifying various forms of deprivation of the low-income population and the living standards of the poor in the modern Russian society. The research employed quantitative and qualitative methods, as well as materials of secondary research. The article analyzes the data of the 2018 survey conducted among the low-income population in the Penza Region. Among the qualitative methods, the focus group method was chosen. General scientific methods were used, such as systemic and comparative analysis, analysis of statistical data. Results. The problem of socio-economic deprivation in the Penza Region has been analyzed; its indicators and types have been highlighted. The focus group discussion has revealed the main factor of economic deprivation – the inequality of income distribution in modern society. Thus, the study performed has proved that the causes of poverty of a regional society are associated with economic deprivation (low wages, lack of employment). The survey conducted has made it possible to identify the strategies of the low-income population to get out of a difficult financial situation. Discussion and Conclusion. Deprivation of the population is a problem of national importance. To address this issue, it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of each constituent entity of the Russian Federation separately, to identify the causes and factors leading to deprivation of certain categories of the population, to develop measures to overcome poverty in the country and in the region. The results can help federal and municipal authorities in solving the above mentioned problem.
Highlights
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Summary
Ensuring the safety of medicines is the basis for the existence and functioning of any pharmacovigilance system as a type of activity aimed at obtaining and processing information about the undesirable consequences of the use of medicines. Исследование особенностей функционирования систем фармаконадзора в странах – участницах международной программы мониторинга безопасности лекарственных средств позволило выделить несколько типов организации сбора информации о нежелательных реакциях лекарственных средств: централизованный, децентрализованный и смешанный. Такой тип организации системы фармаконадзора представлен, например, в США, где все контролирующие функции в сфере оборота лекарственных средств возложены на Управление по санитарному надзору за качеством пищевых продуктов и медикаментов (Food and Drug Administration, FDA), которое является одним из федеральных исполнительных департаментов Министерства здравоохранения и социальных служб США. Основой функционирования централизованной системы фармаконадзора в США является программа MedWatch, позволяющая специалистам здравоохранения, пациентам и потребителям предоставлять в FDA информацию о нежелательных реакциях, возникающих при применении рецептурных и безрецептурных лекарственных средств, особенностях применения биологических препаратов, специальных пищевых продуктов (например, детских питательных смесей), а также о медицинских приборах и косметологических средствах. The centralized type of organization of the pharmacovigilance system exemplified by the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
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