Abstract
BackgroundPeriodontal disease or periodontitis is an inflammatory disease with a hight prevalence. According to the last oral health survey of the Spanish population, between 24% and 37% of Spaniards aged over 35 years have periodontitis and 6% to 10% of the adult population have deep periodontal pockets. The aim of this study was to determine the association between risk factors and the presence of periodontal pockets in the adult population.Material and MethodsA cross sectional or prevalence study of a representative sample of the adult population of the Valencia region was designed. The sample was recruited at 35 health centres, The study was conducted in November and December 2006 under standardized conditions as regards light sources, equipment and instruments and the position of the three previously calibrated dentist examiners.ResultsThe sample examined consisted of 733 individuals (220 men and 513 women). Measured by the CPI, 13% were healthy and 5.5% presented bleeding. The prevalence of calculus was 59.3%, that of 3.5-5.5 mm pockets was 15.8% and that of pockets deeper than 5.5 mm was 4.6%. Almost half the sextants were healthy (2.89), 0.61 presented bleeding and 1.74 presented calculus. The mean number of sextants affected by 3.5-5.5 mm pockets was 0.46 and 0.07 presented deep pockets (>5.5 mm). An adjusted multiple logistic regression model with the presence of periodontal pockets as the dependent variable showed that the significant independent variables were low social class (OR=1.81), smoking (OR=1.68), primary education (OR=1.57), male gender (OR=1.56) and age (OR=1.08). The other study variables were not significant in this model.ConclusionsSocioeconomic factors such as primary education and low social class, as well as gender, age and smoking, were found to be associated to a significant degree with greater prevalence of periodontal disease in the adult population. Key words:Periodontal disease, adults, socioeconomic factors, periodontal pockets, cross sectional study.
Highlights
Periodontal disease or periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the tissues that support the teeth, caused by specific microorganisms or groups of microorganisms, which results in progressive inflammatory destruction of the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone and the formation of periodontal pockets, or receding gums, or both
According to the 2015 oral health survey of the Spanish population, between 24% and 37% of Spaniards aged over 35 years have periodontitis and 6% to 10% of the adult population have deep periodontal pockets [2]
On applying a chi-squared test (p
Summary
Periodontal disease or periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the tissues that support the teeth, caused by specific microorganisms or groups of microorganisms, which results in progressive inflammatory destruction of the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone and the formation of periodontal pockets, or receding gums, or both. The main risk factors for its progression are the presence of plaque, calculus and gingivitis, many studies have shown that the these clinical factors alone are not sufficient for loss of attachment to appear [5,6,7,8]. Heavy smokers are twice as likely to present loss of attachment and bone loss than light smokers Diabetes is another risk factor for periodontitis and poor control of diabetes in the presence of calculus is associated with a higher frequency of periodontal pockets ≥ 4 mm [9,10]. The aim of this study was to measure the association between different risk factors and the presence of periodontal pockets in the adult population. The aim of this study was to determine the association between risk factors and the presence of periodontal pockets in the adult population. The other study variables were not significant in this model
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