Abstract
Background: The risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (knee OA) is multifactorial. Socioeconomic status is a risk factor that is commonly underreported. The study aims to find the relationship between socio-economic factors and knee OA, and the influence of these on gender. Methods: This is a case-control study conducted at Orthopaedic Hospital Wamakko, Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria between January 2022 and December 2022. Adult patients aged >40 years with knee OA were included in the study. The data was collected via participants’ interviews through a self-administered questionnaire. The risk factors for knee OA under consideration were occupation, educational level, and monthly income. Data were analysed using the SPSS version 23. The significant level was set at less than 5%. Results: There were a total of 372 patients in the study, with 124 cases and 248 controls in a ratio of 1:2. The average age was 53.7±10.8 (range 40 to 88 years). There were 165(44.4%) males and 207(55.6%) females. For occupation, 201(53.7%) were unemployed, 60(16%) on business, 61(16.3%) were civil servants and 50(13.4%) worked as farmers. For education, 250(66.8%) had non-formal education, and 122(32.6%) had formal education. Most patients (237/57.8%) were high-income earners and 135 (41.7%) were low-income earners. The knee OA prevalence was 13.17% for males and 20.16% for females. In the case group, the majority were unemployed with 63 (50.8%) patients and the least were farmers with only 16 (12.9%). Non-formal education was the most common educational level among the cases with 89(71.8%), and low-income earners are also more common with 74(59.7%) compared with high-income earners with 61 (40.3%). There was a statistically significance result between socioeconomic status and knee OA (OR=0.334, CI=0.214-0.521, and P<0.0001). The odd ratio (OR) for low-income earners among females is 2.238 (CI=1.878-2.666) and p value<0.0001. The OR for non-formal education in low-income earners is 2.332 (CI=1.466-3.709) and p value<0.0001. Conclusion: Low-income level was the most important predictor of knee OA in the study, and the female gender has the lowest income with higher knee OA risk and ....
Published Version
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