Socio-demographic and food insecurity associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV adults in Ahmadu Bello University teaching hospital Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Socio-demographic characteristics may have an impact on HIV-positive people's prognosis and survival. In addition, food insecurity could make it harder for HIV patients to stick to their treatment plans as effectively as possible.Objective: This research aimed to determine the association between socio-demographic and food insecurity with adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV on ART in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.Method: Using a cross-sectional design, a systematic random sampling method was used to select respondents aged 18–64 years on antiretroviral therapy for at least six months at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria, outpatients of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief clinic. Socio-demographic, food insecurity status and adherence to ART was obtained using self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression were used for data analysis.Results: Among the 385 people who took part in the study, about 67.5% of females and 32.5% of males took part in the survey, respectively. About 54% of adults adhered to ART. The majority of the respondents (87.0%) had a low level of food security. Food insecurity (OR = 1.2, p = <0.05), government employment (OR = 2.842, p = <0.01), self-employment (OR = 2.6, p = <0.001), and being divorced or widowed (OR = 2.0, p = <0.01) were all significantly associated with ART adherence.Conclusion: Food insecurity, employment, and marital status influenced adherence to ART. As a result, health care providers and HIV control programme implementers must continually emphasis and encourage strict adherence.