Abstract
The experience of the constitution of modern sociology in Brazil has to be with the intense modernization of the country, which worsened during the crisis of traditional social relations, and more significantly after World War II. Brazilian society was moving in an opposite direction to that of Europe: while in Europe a loss of civilizational hegemony in Brazil it produced the debacle of the Estado Novo and the building of democratic institutions. USP was a product of the new concepts that guided the mentors of cultural institutions who advocated the creation of more modern ones. In this scenario of profound transformation and modernization Florestan Fernandes stood out as an unique personality which is identified with the mission to build the scientific foundations of sociology in Brazil.
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