Abstract
Objective:Social isolation is associated with adverse effects on brain functions. According to previous studies, the reduction of oxidative stress improves cognitive functions. Memory performance is dependent on hippocampus and prefrontal function. The aim of this study is to show that impairment of memory in object recognition test in isolation state is accompanied by deregulation of oxidative stress balance in related areas.Methods and Materials:In this study, 14 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups as follows: social and isolation. Socialization and isolation plus one week of acclimatization occurred for fourteen days. At the end of the study, after performing behavioral test, (novel object recognition test) rats were anesthetized and sacrificed. After preparation of tissues in controlled condition, oxidative stress status in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex for Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione and nitrite/nitrate was assessed.Results:MDA in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex was higher in isolated rats compared to social rats. Glutathione and nitrite/nitrate in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were lower in isolated rats compared to social rats. Memory performance in novel object recognition test both in short term and long term was better in social rats.Conclusion:Memory performance in novel object recognition test is influenced by social and oxidative stress status. So improving memory is possible through socialization and improvement of antioxidant status.
Highlights
Alternation of behavior with changing environment has been well proved in previous studies [1]
Glutathione and nitrite/nitrate in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were lower in isolated rats compared to social rats
The purpose of this study is to show that isolation besides its global negative effects on the brain deregulates oxidative stress in brain tissues such as the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex that are important to memory and cognitive function
Summary
Alternation of behavior with changing environment has been well proved in previous studies [1]. Different aspects of behavior will be changed by changing the environment with different mechanisms. Changing environment will affect behavior in all ages and will continue its effects to adulthood. In one experiment, adolescent social isolation changes cognition in adulthood [2]. Social isolation can have immediate and long-term effects [3]. The environment in animal studies is mainly divided into social and isolated environment. The social environment has a positive impact on behavior and the isolated environment has a negative impact on behavior
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