Abstract
We aimed to investigate how lethal police violence (LPV) in the City of São Paulo (CSP), Brazil, is associated with socioeconomic development when we consider the victims' place of residence and the locations of the fatal injuries. The spatial distribution of lethal police violence rate (LPVR) and its association with the human development index (HDI) was investigated using the Moran's I (Global and Bivariate Local). Between 2014 and 2015 we found 403 police victims in the Health database and 794 victims in the Security Department. We found a non-random spatial distribution of the LPV considering the victim's place of residence (I=+0.12; p<0.001) and the locations where the fatal injuries were inflicted (I=+0.07; p<0.001). We found a negative association between LPVR and the HDI of the place of residence (I=-0.10; p<0.001) and a positive association between LPVR and the HDI of the locations of the fatal injuries (I=+0.02; p<0.001). The results point to different dynamics of LPV in CSP. High mortality clusters are found in areas with lower HDI, when considering the victim's address, and in areas with higher HDI, when considering the address of the violent events. LPV impacts young blacks, poorly educated residents of outskirts informing us about patterns of social segregation.
Highlights
Since 1996, when the World Health Organization recognized Violence as a Global Public Health problem, there has been a growing understanding that there is a need for the phenomenon to be addressed from a public health perspective1
In this article our objective is investigate the association between Lethal Police Violence Rate (LPVR) socioeconomic development in the City of São Paulo (CSP) when we consider the victims’ place of residence and the locations where the fatal injuries were inflicted
Based on Health data we found a negative correlation between lethal police violence rate (LPVR) and human development index (HDI) (I=-0.10; p
Summary
Since 1996, when the World Health Organization recognized Violence as a Global Public Health problem, there has been a growing understanding that there is a need for the phenomenon to be addressed from a public health perspective. In 2018, the American Public Health Association (APHA) approved the statement that violence perpetrated by law enforcement institutions needs to be tackled from a public health perspective, once these institutions can perpetuate physical, psychological, sexual and even negligent violence. In this context, tackle police violence (PV) is considered paramount to strengthen democracy and the health conditions of the population. Tackle police violence (PV) is considered paramount to strengthen democracy and the health conditions of the population This declaration stems from the recognition of the negative consequences of violent policing and its impacts on the most marginalized populations and the racial selectivity of public security apparatuses. Since the police is one of the most visible faces of the State, the way it exercises authority does not reproduce inequalities, but may deepen them, reinforcing precarious models of citizenship
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