Abstract

In 2008 15 Caribbean countries signed an ‘Economic Partnership Agreement’ (EPA) with the European Union providing for liberalisation of trade and investment between the two regions and the binding of investor-friendly government policies. The agreement occasioned much controversy and was signed over the protests of many sectors of civil society. This article discusses the controversy from the perspective of social movements confronting neoliberalism. First, I summarise the background and conduct of the EPA negotiations in the context of asymmetrical power in relations between the EU and the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) group. Next, I give an account of the civil society campaign to review and renegotiate the Caribbean EPA; focusing on issues, methods and tactics and the factors leading to the eventual outcome. Finally, I reflect on the lessons to be drawn for social movements in confronting neoliberalism. En el 2008, quince países caribeños firmaron un ‘Acuerdo de Asociación Económica’ (EPA, por sus siglas en inglés) con la Unión Europea, que contempla una liberalización de comercio e inversión entre las dos regiones y la unión de políticas gubernamentales más propicias para la inversión. El acuerdo ocasionó mucha controversia y se firmaron bajo las protestas de varios sectores de la sociedad civil. Este artículo detalla la controversia desde la perspectiva de los movimientos sociales que confrontan al neoliberalismo. Primero, hago un resumen sobre el fondo y la conducta de las negociaciones de la EPA en el contexto del poder asimétrico en las relaciones entre la UE y el Grupo Africano, Caribeño y Pacífico (ACP, por sus siglas en inglés). A continuación, describo la campaña de la sociedad civil para analizar y renegociar la EPA caribeña, enfocándome en las cuestiones, métodos y tácticas y factores, dando pie al resultado final. Por último, reflexiono sobre las lecciones que deben sacarse para los movimientos sociales, al enfrentar el neoliberalismo. 2008年,15个加勒比地区国家与欧盟签署了《经济伙伴关系协定》(Economic Partnership Agreement, EPA)。该协定以推动两个地区间的贸易和投资自由化为目的, 包括一系列有利于投资的政府政策。该协定引发了许多争议,最终在公民社会许多部门的抗议声中签署。本文从与新自由主义对抗的社会运动这一角度讨论了这些争议。首先,结合欧盟与非洲、加勒比和太平洋地区国家集团权力不对称的背景,本文概括了此次EPA谈判的背景和行为。其次,本文叙述了公民社会以对加勒比地区国家签署的EPA进行评估和重新谈判为目标的活动,集中于活动的议题、方式、策略以及导致最终结果的因素。最后,本文反思了社会运动在对抗新自由主义时应吸取的教训。 2008년 15개 카리브해 연안국들은 유럽연합과 무역과 투자의 자유화와 투자에 유리한 정부정책에 관한 ‘경제협력협정(EPA)을 유럽연합과 맺었다. 그 협정은 논란을 낳았고, 많은 시민사회의 저항에도 불구하고 조인되었다. 이 글은 신자유주의에 대항하는 사회운동의 관점에서 논쟁을 논의한다. 첫째, 유럽연합(EU)과 아프리카, 카리브와 태평양 집단(ACP) 사이에 존재하는 비대칭적 권력 맥락 속에서 이루어진 EPA 협상의 배경과 전개과정을 요약한다. 그 다음, 이슈, 방법과 전술과 최종적인 결과에 영향을 준 요소들에 초점을 맞춰, 카리브지역의 EPA을 검토하고 재협상을 요구하는 시민사회 캠페인을 설명한다. 마지막으로 신자유주의를 직면하고 있는 사회운동에 주는 교훈을 다룬다.

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