Social media and libraries in scientific production in United States

Epistemic communities, domain analysis, and Kuhn: dialogs and intersections in Knowledge Organization

With the growth in computing, storage and networking infrastructure, it is becoming increasingly feasible for multimedia professionals—such as graphic designers in commercial, manufacturing, scientific and entertainment areas—to work with 3D digital models of the objects with which they deal in their domain. Unfortunately most of these models exist in individual repositories, and are not accessible to geographically distributed professionals who are in need of them. Building an efficient digital library system presents a number of challenges. In particular, the following issues need to be addressed: (1) What is the best way of representing 3D models in a digital library, so that the searches can be done faster? (2) How to compress and deliver the 3D models to reduce the storage and bandwidth requirements? (3) How can we represent the user's view on similarity between two objects? (4) What search types can be used to enhance the usability of the digital library and how can we implement these searches, what are the trade-offs? In this research, we have developed a digital library architecture for 3D models that addresses the above issues as well as other technical issues. We have developed a prototype for our 3D digital library (3DLIB) that supports compressed storage, along with retrieval of 3D models. The prototype also supports search and discovery services that are targeted for 3-D models. The key to 3DLIB is a representation of a 3D model that is based on “surface signatures”. This representation captures the shape information of any free-form surface and encodes it into a set of 2D images. We have developed a shape similarity search technique that uses the signature images to compare 3D models. One advantage of the proposed technique is that it works in the compressed domain, thus it eliminates the need for uncompressing in content-based search. Moreover, we have developed an efficient discovery service consisting of a multi-level hierarchical browsing service that enables users to navigate large sets of 3D models. To implement this targeted browsing (find an object that is similar to a given object in a large collection through browsing) we abstract a large set of 3D models to a small set of representative models (key models). The abstraction is based on shape similarity and uses specially tailored clustering techniques. The browsing service applies clustering recursively to limit the number of key models that a user views at any time. We have evaluated the performance of our digital library services using the Princeton Shape Benchmark (PSB) and it shows significantly better precision and recall, as compared to other approaches.

Here we study the authorship of research articles published by Spanish journals of Library and Information Science from 1992 through 1993. To do so, we analyse certain production indices (number of documents and number of citations, indicators of presence: presence of men/women, presence of geographic areas, presence of professions, presence of types of institution and analysis of citations: presence of document types, language, geographic areas and years of greatest impact), indicators of collaboration (collaborative authorship and productivity of authors) and quality indices (most cited journals). The following are some of the conclusions drawn from the results of the study: (1) the most productive journals are the Boletin de la ANABAD , Educacion y Biblioteca , and Revista General de Informacion y Documentacion ; (2) as authors of articles, men predominate over women; (3) the Regional Communities with the greatest production in the scientific literature are Andalusia, Castile and Leon, Murcia and Galicia; (4) the most productive professionals are LIS university professsors, librarians, and documentalists; (5) the sources most frequently used are monographs and journal articles; (6) the foreign languages with the greatest impact are English, French and Italian; (7) scientific collaboration is not the norm, and (8) there is a striking lack of normalisation in periodical publications in almost all senses (citation norms, the way authors´ names are presented, the information offered about authors, etc.).

One of the main challenges in software systems development is reusability. The interaction between traditional software systems is taking place through their interfaces. Thus, as more software systems are developed, the complexity of the interconnection between the interfaces grows dramatically. This complexity resulted in a decrease in development time and code quality. The role of a subject-matter expert (SME) or Domain Expert, a person with knowledge in a specific area, emerged to tackle this problem and increase the software reusability by modeling the domain rather than the technology. It resulted in a collaboration between the domain experts and developers and sped up the software development life cycle. Similarly, the role of DevOps emerged to bridge the gap between developers and operators in order to automate the process between software development and production release. The main challenge today is to achieve reusability and interconnections between domains of the same or different interests. The ontology concept was introduced as an engineering artifact to describe a reality semantically. Ontologies aim to represent information in a way to be understood and processed by a computer. Therefore, an Ontology Engineer is a person with knowledge for ontology's vocabulary, rules of inference, logic, and its construction. Common domain description languages often lack the semantic representation of their entities. By contrast, the semantic meaning of a domain of interest can be expressed using the ontology's vocabularies and axioms. The inadequate conceptual knowledge representation of a domain expert and the inadequate domain knowledge of an ontology engineer yields a gap between both worlds. Thus, the usage of ontologies in the domain modeling is yet considered to be a challenge. Domain Engineering is an approach that aim for the creation and development of domains on semantic bases. This work focus on investigating the challenges and limitations in the syntactic- and semantic-based development fields. The main objective is to approach the domain engineering as a solution for bridging the gap between domain experts and ontology engineers. Also, the study introduces a domain knowledge development life cycle approach to help by the creation and development of domain representations on semantic bases. The research is conducted in three segments. First by defining the problem and limitation, then conducting extensive literature and related work review to scrutinize the domain experts and ontology engineers roles based on some criteria in their scope of an intersection. After that, investigate existing approaches and tools to construct the domain knowledge life cycle toolchain. Finally, the study concludes the essential presence of both the domain knowledge, presented by the domain expert, and the formalization of semantic conceptualization, presented by the ontology engineer, in the domain engineering approach.

پایش روند افزایش شوری خاک در مخروط افکنه دامغان با استفاده از تکنیک های سنجش از دوری وداده های پیمایش

The development of software for scientific applications that rest on dynamic or irregular meshes causes many problems because of the conflicting issues of flexibility and efficiency. This dissertation addresses these problems in the following way. Firstly, it applies the ideas of domain engineering to the field of data-parallel applications in order to design reusable software products that accelerate the development of specific applications in this domain. It starts with an analysis of typical data-parallel applications and formulates general requirements on the components that can be used in this domain. Secondly, using the ideas of generic programming the Janus software architecture is defined. The resulting conceptual framework and C++ template library Janus provides a flexible and extensible collection of efficient data structures and algorithms for a broad class of data-parallel applications. In particular, finite difference methods, (adaptive) finite element methods, and data-parallel graph algorithms are supported. An outstanding advantage of providing a generic C++ framework is that it provides application-oriented abstractions that achieve high performance without relying on language extension or nonstandard compiler technology. The C++ template mechanism allows to plug user-defined types into the Janus data structures and algorithms. Moreover, Janus components can easily be combined with standard software packages of this field. A portable implementation of Janus for distributed-memory architectures that utilizes the standard Message Passing Interface (MPI) is described. The expressiveness of Janus is proven by the implementation of several standard problems from the realm of data-parallel scientific applications. The performance of Janus is evaluated by comparing the Janus applications with those that use other state-of-the-art components. The examination of scalability on a high-performance Linux cluster system shows that Janus is on par with current scientific software.

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Statement of the problem: Critically ill patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are faced with the challenge of surviving in a high-risk area and rely on healthcare professionals to ensure their safety and provide complex care. One way of measuring safety attitudes in the ICU is through self-reporting questionnaires. Aim: To examine attitudes to patient safety in ICU from the perspective of healthcare professionals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Method: A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. The survey instrument - Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ-ICU version) – comprised items regarding attitudes to patient safety, rating of communication and collaboration with colleagues, as well demographic questions. Results: Sixty per cent (n= 144) of the healthcare professionals from two hospitals in Taif in KSA responded. Six safety domains were scored and showed that all participants had a negative attitude towards patient safety in the two ICUs, with one ICU scoring lower in all domains. Mean scores across domains ranged from 47.14 to 70.36 on a 100-point scale, with lowest scores for the ‘perceptions of management’ domain. Leaders and bedside nurses shared similar attitudes across domains. There was a significant difference in attitudes between respiratory therapists (RTs) and nurses (F (2, 131) = 4.18, p= 0.017); there were no other significant differences between groups. Whilst communication was mostly scored as adequate, physicians rated communication high with each other and with nurses (t= 4.35, p= 0.000). Conclusion: The findings indicate that all domains need further attention. Differences between the two ICUs indicate that hospital safety culture may be an important issue for exploration in further studies.

A Combination of Citation Analyses Can Reveal the Nature of a Journal’s Scholarly Communication, Its Influence in a Scientific Community, and the Geographic Location of Its Authors and Citers

Investigating Quranic anger conceptual metaphors based on basic emotion and conceptual act theories

The effective use of modeling, simulation, and analysis (MSA) applications could greatly enhance our nation's ability to achieve homeland security goals. The development of MSA applications has been conducted largely on an ad hoc and piecemeal basis. There is very little, if any, coordination of MSA development activities across government agencies, the research community, the commercial software sector, and various standards organizations. Without coordination and appropriate standards, there is little possibility of software re-use or the establishment of reference data sets that meet homeland security needs. A needs analysis for MSA applications is the first step to the identification of standards requirements. NIST is conducting a needs analysis for the Department of Homeland Security in this area. This paper provides a high level overview of a needs analysis for the homeland security simulation-modeling domain. The modeling domain gives an indication about what is being simulated or the dynamics of the simulation, i.e., the ways in which real world behaviors, processes, phenomena, or effects are generated. Major groupings of modeling domains for categorizing simulations include Social Behavior; Physical Phenomenon; Environment; Economic; Organization; Infrastructure System; and Other System, Equipment, and Tool. The paper briefly describes needs for each of these MSA domains.

Social media has made major changes in various e-commerce areas. One of these marketing cases is in e-commerce systems. The relationship between customers and business is very much appreciated by marketers. The use of social media by customers has given marketers the opportunity to get more information from customer feedback. Recently, in social media, marketers look for customers who have the most impact on other customers. They can influence the ideas of other customers with their opinions about a new product. In addition, influential users can have the greatest impact on specific domains. This domain may be in the domain of a product or service. Therefore, in this article influential users on social media have been studied in terms of impact in different areas. The proposed approach is for influential users using the social knowledge management approach. The knowledge cycle consists of knowledge organization, storage, retrieval, and knowledge discovery and knowledge management, where all explicit and implicit knowledge has been tried to accurately disclose affected users. In this paper, firstly, the problem was adapted to the knowledge management cycle, and in the steps of this cycle, artificial intelligence techniques such as Baysian networks were used to classify and identify influential users .In order to investigate the proposed method, various scenarios based on a variety of data sets are used for evaluation and the results of these studies show the high accuracy of the proposed method in identifying influential users.

UrbanSim is an open source software platform for agent-based geospatial simulation, focusing on the spatial dynamics of urban development. a Since its creation UrbanSim has been used in the official planninga processes for at least a dozen regional governments which were useda to help allocate billions of dollars in regional investments in transportationa infrastructure.UrbanSim was first conceptualized in the late 1990's and implementeda using the Java programming language. The technology landscape fora scientific computing changed dramatically after that, and by 2005a UrbanSim was converted to Python, making heavy use of Numpy to vectorizea calculations. By 2014, it became clear that UrbanSim should be reimplementeda again to take advantage of significant advances in the libraries availablea for scientific Python. The new version of UrbanSim, called UrbanSim2,a makes extensive use of community-supported scientific Python librariesa to reduce the amount of domain-specific customized code to a minimum.UrbanSim is an excellent case study for the power of leveraging thework of the scientific programming community as scaffolding for adomain-specific application, as opposed to building an extensive customizeda solution in each domain. Additionally, the open and participatorya nature inherent in nearly all of the open source projects describeda here has been particularly embraced by governments, who are oftena reticent to support large commercial institutions and balkanized anda private data formats and software tools. UrbanSim is an open source software platform for agent-based geospatiala simulation, focusing on the spatial dynamics of urban development. a Since its creation UrbanSim has been used in the official planninga processes for at least a dozen regional governments which were useda to help allocate billions of dollars in regional investments in transportationa infrastructure.UrbanSim was first conceptualized in the late 1990's and implementeda using the Java programming language. The technology landscape fora scientific computing changed dramatically after that, and by 2005a UrbanSim was converted to Python, making heavy use of Numpy to vectorizea calculations. By 2014, it became clear that UrbanSim should be reimplementeda again to take advantage of significant advances in the libraries availablea for scientific Python. The new version of UrbanSim, called UrbanSim2,a makes extensive use of community-supported scientific Python librariesa to reduce the amount of domain-specific customized code to a minimum.UrbanSim is an excellent case study for the power of leveraging thework of the scientific programming community as scaffolding for adomain-specific application, as opposed to building an extensive customizeda solution in each domain. Additionally, the open and participatorya nature inherent in nearly all of the open source projects describeda here has been particularly embraced by governments, who are oftena reticent to support large commercial institutions and balkanized anda private data formats and software tools.-->

Darul Ilmi elementary school is an Islamic institution with goal to prepare believer, bookish, noble character generation, with Quran and sunnah as handbooks to build a qualified education of Islam, develop potency, ability and prosperity of Human resources. Students of full-day school generally spend 8-9 hours in school with the result that they easily feel tired and depressed. In fact in the late childhood, the children are anxious for playing with coeval friends. Students in class VI have a high demand of to be a performance students and academic burden that makes them mainly focus on their achievement. The objective of this study is to describe children’s well-being on students on class VI of Darul Ilmi full-day school Bandung. The instrument used is a questionnaire of children well-being arranged by Diener’s subjective well-being and modified by ISCWeb seen from 8 domains; satisfaction with material thing, satisfaction with interpersonal relationship, satisfaction with area living in, satisfaction with health, satisfaction with time organization, home satisfaction, satisfaction with school, and personal satisfaction. The dominant domains are 100% satisfaction of satisfaction with material things, satisfaction with area living in, satisfaction with school, satisfaction with health and personal satisfaction domains. And the low dominant domain is 60% satisfaction of satisfaction with time organization domain.

Local defect correction techniques : analysis and application to combustion