Abstract
To explore the influence of socioeconomic position on habitual dietary intake in Colombian cities. We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based study in five Colombian cities. Dietary intake was assessed with a 157-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire previously developed for the Colombian population. Nutrient analysis was performed using national and international food composition tables. Socioeconomic position was assessed with two indicators: a government-defined, asset-based, household-level index called socioeconomic stratum (SES) and, among adults, highest educational level attained. The five main urban centers of Colombia: Bogotá, Medellin, Barranquilla, Cali and Bucaramanga. Probabilistic, multistage sample of 1865 participants (n=1491 for analyses on education). For both sexes, increasing SES was associated with a lower consumption of energy (p-trend <0.001 in both sexes), carbohydrates (p-trend ˂0.001 in both sexes), sodium (p-trend=0.005 in males, <0.001 in females), saturated fatty acids (p-trend <0.001 in both sexes) and among females, cholesterol (p-trend=0.002). More educated men consumed significantly less energy and carbohydrates (p-trend=0.036 and ˂0.001, respectively). Among men, intake of trans fats increased monotonically with educational level, being 21% higher among college graduates relative to those with only elementary education (p-trend=0.023). Among women, higher educational level was associated with higher MUFA intake (p-trend=0.027). SES and educational level are strong correlates of the usual diet of urban Colombians. Economically deprived and less educated segments of society display dietary habits that make them vulnerable to chronic diseases and should be the primary target of public health nutrition policies.
Highlights
The present study aimed to dissect the influence of two relevant indicators of socio-economic position (SEP): socio-economic stratum (SES) and educational level, on habitual dietary intake in five Colombian cities and to explore whether such influences differ between men and women
A similar result was observed for carbohydrates, which went from 10·0 g/kg per d in low SES to 7·6 g/kg per d in high SES among males (P-trend < 0·001), and from 8·9 g/kg per d to 6·4 g/kg per d among females (P-trend
The intake of all fat subtypes decreased with SES in both sexes, except for MUFA among females
Summary
A systematic review of cross-sectional studies from low- and middle-income countries found that higher SEP was associated with a larger intake of energy, protein and all fat subtypes, and with lower intakes of carbohydrates and fibre[8]. The present study aimed to dissect the influence of two relevant indicators of SEP: socio-economic stratum (SES) and educational level, on habitual dietary intake in five Colombian cities and to explore whether such influences differ between men and women.
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