Social-aware routing for cognitive radio–based vehicular ad hoc networks

Jing Wang,Huyin Zhang,Sheng Hao,Xing Tang

doi:10.1177/1550147719866389

Abstract

Cognitive radio–based vehicular ad hoc networks can solve the problem of limited spectrum resource and growing vehicular communication service demands in intelligent transportation systems, and thus, it receives much concern recently. In cognitive radio–based vehicular ad hoc networks, the high mobility of vehicles and the dynamic spectrum activity of cognitive radio make routing in such networks a great challenge. Some routing researches have been proposed in cognitive radio–based vehicular ad hoc networks with single-objective optimization and neglecting the nodes’ social behaviors which can improve the network performance. From this perspective, we propose a social-aware routing scheme for cognitive radio–based vehicular ad hoc networks, with the purpose of increasing the packet delivery ratio and decreasing the overhead ratio. First, we analyze the social centrality of primary users to offer an accuracy spectrum hole measurement. Moreover, we develop a social community partition algorithm to divide secondary users into intra-community and inter-community groups. Furthermore, considering the tradeoff between the packet delivery ratio and the overhead ratio, we adopt different replication policies and forwarding ranks in different community communication processes. In the intra-community communication process, we employ the single-copy policy and the contact duration rank. In the inter-community communication process, we utilize the optimized-binary-tree replication policy and the bridge coefficient rank. Simulation results show that our social-aware routing scheme achieves the higher package delivery ratio and the lower overhead ratio when compared with the existing cognitive radio–based vehicular ad hoc networks routing schemes and other standard routing schemes.

Highlights

In intelligent transportation system (ITS), the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has allocated 75 MHz of spectrum in 5.9 GHz band for the deployment of ITS services.[1]
We propose a social-aware routing scheme considering the social characteristics of both primary users (PUs) and secondary users (SUs) in cognitive radio (CR)-vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs)
We proposed a delay tolerant routing scheme for CR-VANETs,[13] with the objective of packet delivery ratio improvement but without considering the overhead ratio optimization

Summary

Introduction

In intelligent transportation system (ITS), the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has allocated 75 MHz of spectrum in 5.9 GHz band for the deployment of ITS services.[1]. We propose a social-aware routing scheme considering the social characteristics of both PUs and SUs in CR-VANETs. In order to improve the accuracy of spectrum holes measurement, we utilize the social centrality to evaluate the PUs’ active probability instead of the traditional ON/OFF channel-usage patterns. Since the social features of community can contribute to the routing decision, we separate the SUs into intra-community groups and intercommunity groups According to these social characteristics, we execute different replication policies and forwarding ranks in the routing scheme. The contributions of our work can be summarized as follows: We utilize the social centrality to evaluate the active probability of PUs and obtain the accurate CR channel availability probability of SUs. We propose a social community partition algorithm that takes account of the correlation between encountering and geographic location. Simulation results are presented in section ‘‘Performance evaluation.’’ The final section is ‘‘Conclusion.’’

Related work

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Findings

Conclusion