Síndromes mielodisplásicos y leucemia mielomonocítica crónica

Abstract

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal diseases of hematopoietic progenitor cells. They are characterized by hypercellular bone marrow and ineffective hematopoiesis, which leads to the onset of cytopenia, morphological abnormalities, and a greater tendency to progress to acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Due to the highly variable clinical course, it is recommended that prognostic indexes be established to help identify progression to AML and make treatment decisions. However, when starting treatment, not only does the prognostic index have an influence, but age, comorbidities, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) functional status, and the social environment must also be taken into account. Unlike high-risk MDS, where the goal of treatment is to modify the natural history of the disease and prolong overall survival, in low-risk MDS, the main goal is to improve cytopenia and quality of life with as little toxicity as possible.