Abstract
Regardless of the diagnostic criteria, the metabolic syndrome is found at least in 20% of the population. The adipose tissue plays an important role in the insulin resistance found in this syndrome. Free fatty acids released by intra-abdominal adipocytes produce an inflammatory and pro-thrombotic response and the persistence of the insulin resistance state, phenomenon termed lipotoxicity. This altered phenotype explains the development of the different components of the metabolic syndrome, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and altered glucose metabolism. The treatment is based on weight loss and healthy lifestyle. A balanced diet, physical activity and avoidance of smoking are key management features. The use of drugs with pleiotropic effects, which inhibit the renin angiotensin aldosterone axis or acts on the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPAR) seems promising.
Highlights
El síndrome metabólico (SM) corresponde a la asociación de una serie de anormalidades metabólicas que determinan un mayor riesgo de padecer enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes mellitus (DM) en el individuo afecto[1,2,3,4]
CA ≥90 cm en hombres ≥80 cm en mujeres más 2 de los siguientes criterios TG ≥150 o C-HDL
No está clara la regulación endógena de los peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) γ, pero su modulación mediante agonistas puede determinar una disminución de la resistencia a la insulina (RI) y, con esto, una mejoría en el SM
Summary
Free fatty acids released by intra-abdominal adipocytes produce an inflammatory and pro-thrombotic response and the persistance of the insulin resistance state, phenomenon termed lipotoxicity. This altered phenotype explains the development of the different components of the metabolic syndrome, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and altered glucose metabolism. En la Encuesta Nacional de Salud, realizada en Chile el año 2003, 22,6% de la población adulta cumplía los criterios diagnósticos del NCEP ATP III, con cifras similares para hombres y mujeres. Al igual que en el estudio NHANES III, se observó un aumento de la prevalencia a mayor edad de la población estudiada[9]
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