Abstract
Population ageing has led to an increase in the prevalence and complexity of heart disease. It is common for these patients to have a high comorbidity load, and this is an important prognostic factor. Assessment of comorbidity has become a concern and therefore methods such as the Charlson Comorbidity Index have been developed. The main comorbidities affecting these patients’ prognosis include frailty, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and inflammatory disease. These patients’ poorer prognosis appears to be related to diagnostic delay due to atypical clinical symptoms, baseline laboratory and electrocardiographic abnormalities, and less use of therapies with proven efficacy.
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