Abstract
Vaccines are an essential component in the fight against highly virulent respiratory pathogens such as influenza virus, Bordetella pertussis, and SARS-CoV-2. Although most existing vaccines for respiratory pathogens are injectable, development of efficacious intranasal vaccine formulations is a clear goal for the immunological community, especially as a result of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.1 Beyond the logistical benefits of needle-free vaccination,2 intranasal vaccines aim to induce mucosal immune responses in addition to systemic immunity, providing an additional layer of protection at the vulnerable respiratory interface.
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