Abstract

A novel four-element frequency-reconfigurable multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) slot antenna for a smartphone with metal-casing is presented. The inherent disadvantage of ultra-narrow bandwidth of thin slots is overcome with the help of frequency reconfiguration using varactor diodes. Antenna operation within the frequency range of 5.1–6 GHz was achieved. MIMO performance, smartphone components, and user effects were investigated. Simulated and experimental results demonstrate excellent performance.

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