Abstract
For many applications deployed in manufacturing networks, communication latency has been a significant barrier. Despite the constant development of improved communication protocols and standards during Industry 4.0, the latency problem persists, lowering quality of services (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE). Tactile internet (TI), with its high availability, security, and ultra-low latency, will add a new dimension to human-machine interaction (HMI) by enabling haptic and tactile sensations. The tactile internet (TI) is a cutting-edge technology that uses 5G and beyond (B5G) communications to enable real-time interaction of haptic data over the internet between tactile ends. This emerging TI technology is regarded as the next evolutionary step for the Internet of Things (IoT) and is expected to bring about massive changes towards Society 5.0 and to address complex issues in current society. To that end, the 5G mobile communication systems will support the TI at the wireless edge. As a result, TI can be used as a backbone for delay mitigation in conjunction with 5G networks, allowing for ultra-reliable low latency applications like Smart Manufacturing, virtual reality, and augmented reality. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to present the current state of 5G and TI, as well as the challenges and future trends for 5G networks beyond 2021, as well as a conceptual framework for integrating 5G and TI into existing industrial case studies, with a focus on the design aspects and layers of TI, such as the master, network, and slave layers. Finally, the key publications focused on the key enabling technologies of TI are summarized and the beyond 5G era towards Society 5.0 based on cyber-physical systems is discussed.
Highlights
In the future, wireless networks beyond 5G are expected to support a wide range of new Tactile internet (TI) applications with varying quality of service (QoS) requirements
Wireless networks beyond 5G are expected to support a wide range of new TI applications with varying QoS requirements
This paper has presented a comprehensive survey on various aspects of wireless TI, beginning with TI’s vision and recent advances as well as a generalized framework for wireless TI, which includes the main technical requirements, key application areas, a TI architecture, and the main enabling technologies
Summary
The manufacturing industry has been undergoing a digital transformation known as “Industry 4.0”. In an attempt to properly introduce the key concepts of this research work, a short glossary is compiled below in the form of a table (refer to Table 2) This table can facilitate the readership to become more familiar with the concepts of mobile networks, 5G, tactile internet, and Industry 4.0. The evolution of mobile communications systems and socio-technical trends are expected to remain tightly coupled, forming a foundation for the generation of society in 2020 and beyond New demands, such as increased traffic volume, a greater number of devices with varying service requirements, improved quality of user experience (QoE), and improved affordability through cost reduction, will necessitate a greater number of innovative solutions soon.
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