Abstract
Abstract: The Smart Blind Stick integrates ESP32 microcontroller, two ultrasonic sensors (middle and bottom), and a soil moisture sensor to enhance safety for visually impaired individuals. The middle ultrasonic sensor detects head-level obstacles, triggering a vibration motor for tactile feedback. The bottom ultrasonic sensor identifies potholes and manholes, activating a buzzer for audible alerts. A soil moisture sensor warns of wet surfaces through a speaker with IS 1820 IC, aiding users in avoiding hazards. This compact system enables proactive navigation, empowering users with improved situational awareness and confidence.
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