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Abstract
A venipuncture is the most common non-invasive medical procedure, and is frequently used with patients; however, a high probability of post-injection complications accompanies intravenous injection. The most common complication is a hematoma, which is associated with puncture of the uppermost and lowermost walls. To simplify and reduce complications of the venipuncture procedure, and as well as automation of this process, a device that can provide information of the needle tip position into patient’s tissues needs to be developed. This paper presents a peripheral vascular puncture control system based on electrical impedance measurements. A special electrode system was designed to achieve the maximum sensitivity for puncture identification using a traditional needle, which is usually used in clinical practice. An experimental study on subjects showed that the electrical impedance signal changed significantly once the standard needle entered the blood vessel. On basis of theoretical and experimental studies, a decision rule of puncture identification based on the analysis of amplitude-time parameters of experimental signals was proposed. The proposed method was tested on 15 test and 9 control samples, with the results showing that 97% accuracy was obtained.
Highlights
The venipuncture is a common procedure in clinical practice for medical conditions such as requiring blood draw and drug and fluid administration, which can be performed by the use of needles and catheters within the lumen of a vein [1]
We present a novel bio-impedance sensor for guiding traditional needle insertion, which is used in daily medical practice and absolutely does not require special needle manufacturing
The 7.5 mm insertion depth corresponds to the first puncture of the vessel wall, whereas the 13 mm insertion depth of needle electrode corresponds to a double puncture of a venous vessel, when the needle penetrates the uppermost and lowermost assessing the relative change in impedance because, at these depths, the needle intersects the plane of the second medium, which is a simulation of the first puncture of the blood vessel wall
Summary
The venipuncture is a common procedure in clinical practice for medical conditions such as requiring blood draw and drug and fluid administration, which can be performed by the use of needles and catheters within the lumen of a vein [1]. For the correct execution of these manipulations, an accurate understanding of the position of the injection needle relative to the blood vessel is necessary, otherwise post-injection complications associated with both walls of the vessel being punctured or partial penetration of the needle into the vein lumen might occur Nowadays, this procedure is mainly based on the surgeon’s experience. Several studies have been carried out to determine the tissue types based on the difference in electrical conductivity of biological tissues through which the needle electrode moves, such as skin tissue, connective and muscle tissues, bone, and blood [4] These methods use a special needle-electrode with a conductive end and an insulating base, which limits their use for daily procedures such as venipuncture. To use the bio-impedance guidance, a biotechnical system was considered, which is physically based on a biological
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