Small-scale Farmers Experience on the Impact of Water Scarcity and Coping Strategies in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Abstract

Several provinces and communities in South Africa are severely affected by water scarcity. However, few empirical studies have been conducted on the effects of water scarcity on small-scale farmers and the coping strategies they employ. Sufficient empirical data regarding water scarcity and coping strategies will assist communities and the government in device proactive measures that can assist to minimise future catastrophes linked to hunger and food insecurity. Thus, this article examines the impact of water scarcity on small-scale farming in Marhewini and Megacom, in the Libode district of Eastern Cape, South Africa, as well as the farmers' coping strategies. A qualitative research methodology was selected for the study as it examines participants’ subjective opinions on the impact of water scarcity and their coping practices. Semi-structured interviews and observations were used as data collection tools. Participants of the study were small-scale farmers who reside in the two selected communities. Some of the key findings of the study indicate that both Marhewini and Megacom face problems such as delays in crop growth, loss of crops, loss of interest in agriculture, and associated health risks. The findings also indicate that small-scale farmers have employed various coping strategies, such as surrounding plants with grass and watering the area to sustain the little water (mulching), purchasing water from private water suppliers, and reuse of water. Based on the results obtained, valuable recommendations were made, such as establishing associations for farmers to share their experiences, relying on indigenous knowledge practices, and locating a provider to provide them with accessible water.