Small-x analysis on the effect of gluon recombinations inside hadrons in light of the GLR-MQ-ZRS equation

Abstract

We present a study of the contribution of antishadowing effects on the gluon distribution functions G(x,Q2) in light of the Gribov-Levin-Ryskin-Mueller-Qiu, Zhu-Ruan-Shen (GLR-MQ-ZRS) nonlinear equation at small-x, where x is the momentum fraction or Bjorken variable and Q2 is the four momentum transfer squared or photon virtuality. In this work, we have solved the GLR-MQ-ZRS nonlinear equation using Regge like behaviour of gluons in the kinematic range of 10−2≤x≤10−6 and 5GeV2≤Q2≤100GeV2 respectively. We have obtained the solution of G(x,Q2) by considering two particular cases: (a) αs fixed; and (b) the leading order QCD dependency of αs on Q2. A comparative analysis is also performed where we compare the gluon distribution function due to inclusion of the antishadowing effect with that of the gluon distribution without including the antishadowing effect. Our obtained results of G(x,Q2) are compared with NNPDF3.0, CT14 and PDF4LHC. We also compare our results with the result obtained from the IMParton C++ package. Using the solutions of G(x,Q2), we have also predicted x and Q2 evolution of the logarithmic derivative of proton's F2 structure function i.e. dF2(x,Q2)/dln⁡Q2. We incorporated both the leading order(LO) and next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD contributions of the gluon-quark splitting kernels, in dF2(x,Q2)/dln⁡Q2. Our result of dF2(x,Q2)/dln⁡Q2 agrees reasonably well with the experimental data recorded by HERA's H1 detector.