Abstract
Enteric and extraintestinal pathotypes of Escherichia coli utilize a wide range of virulence factors to colonize niches within the human body. During infection, virulence factors such as adhesins, secretions systems, or toxins require precise regulation and coordination to ensure appropriate expression. Additionally, the bacteria navigate rapidly changing environments with fluctuations in pH, temperature, and nutrient levels. Enteric pathogens utilize sophisticated, interleaved systems of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation to sense and respond to these changes and modulate virulence gene expression. Regulatory small RNAs and RNA-binding proteins play critical roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of virulence. In this review we discuss how the mosaic genomes of Escherichia coli pathotypes utilize small RNA regulation to adapt to their niche and become successful human pathogens.
Highlights
Within a few hours of birth we are colonized by our first commensal Escherichia coli strains
Pathogenic Escherichia coli can be divided into extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC)
DEC pathotypes cause diarrheal diseases and are classified by the presence of characteristic virulence factors that potentiate disease. They are classified into enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) and diffusely adherent Escherichia coli (DAEC)
Summary
Specialty section: This article was submitted to Molecular Bacterial Pathogenesis, a section of the journal Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. Regulation of Virulence in Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Enteric and extraintestinal pathotypes of Escherichia coli utilize a wide range of virulence factors to colonize niches within the human body. Virulence factors such as adhesins, secretions systems, or toxins require precise regulation and coordination to ensure appropriate expression. Enteric pathogens utilize sophisticated, interleaved systems of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation to sense and respond to these changes and modulate virulence gene expression. Regulatory small RNAs and RNA-binding proteins play critical roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of virulence. In this review we discuss how the mosaic genomes of Escherichia coli pathotypes utilize small RNA regulation to adapt to their niche and become successful human pathogens
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