Abstract
SummarySmall RNAs are used to silence transposable elements (TEs) in many eukaryotes, which use diverse evolutionary solutions to identify TEs. In ciliated protozoans, small-RNA-mediated comparison of the germline and somatic genomes underlies identification of TE-related sequences, which are then eliminated from the soma. Here, we describe an additional mechanism of small-RNA-mediated identification of TE-related sequences in the ciliate Tetrahymena. We show that a limited set of internal eliminated sequences (IESs) containing potentially active TEs produces a class of small RNAs that recognize not only the IESs from which they are derived, but also other IESs in trans. This trans recognition triggers the expression of yet another class of small RNAs that identify other IESs. Therefore, TE-related sequences in Tetrahymena are robustly targeted for elimination by a genome-wide trans-recognition network accompanied by a chain reaction of small RNA production.
Highlights
Transposable elements (TEs) are threats to host genome integrity in addition to being drivers of host genome evolution
Small-RNA-mediated comparison of the germline and somatic genomes underlies identification of transposable elements (TEs)-related sequences, which are eliminated from the soma
We show that a limited set of internal eliminated sequences (IESs) containing potentially active TEs produces a class of small RNAs that recognize the IESs from which they are derived, and other IESs in trans
Summary
Noto et al show that a class of Tetrahymena small RNAs from internal eliminated sequences (IESs) containing potentially active transposons recognize the IESs from which they are derived and other IESs in trans, triggering the expression of another class of small RNAs and ensuring robust DNA elimination. Highlights d Two types of siRNAs (scnRNAs) are expressed in Tetrahymena sexual reproduction. Small-RNA-Mediated Genome-wide trans-Recognition Network in Tetrahymena DNA Elimination
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