Abstract
Respiratory viral infections are strongly associated with asthma exacerbations. Rhinovirus is most frequently-detected pathogen; followed by respiratory syncytial virus; metapneumovirus; parainfluenza virus; enterovirus and coronavirus. In addition; viral infection; in combination with genetics; allergen exposure; microbiome and other pathogens; may play a role in asthma development. In particular; asthma development has been linked to wheezing-associated respiratory viral infections in early life. To understand underlying mechanisms of viral-induced airways disease; investigators have studied respiratory viral infections in small animals. This report reviews animal models of human respiratory viral infection employing mice; rats; guinea pigs; hamsters and ferrets. Investigators have modeled asthma exacerbations by infecting mice with allergic airways disease. Asthma development has been modeled by administration of virus to immature animals. Small animal models of respiratory viral infection will identify cell and molecular targets for the treatment of asthma.
Highlights
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the conducting airways with reversible airflow obstruction and associated with mucus overproduction and airway remodeling
Respiratory viral infections are strongly associated with asthma exacerbations
We summarize the small animal models of human respiratory viral infection relevant to asthma exacerbation and development, including Human rhinovirus (HRV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and human parainfluenza virus (hPIV), as well as their contribution to the understanding of virus-induced asthma development and exacerbation
Summary
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the conducting airways with reversible airflow obstruction and associated with mucus overproduction and airway remodeling. Respiratory viral infections are strongly associated with asthma exacerbations. Asthma development has been linked to wheezing-associated respiratory viral infections in early life [35,36,37]. Development has been linked to wheezing-associated respiratory viral infections in early life [35,36,37]. Multiple infection models have been applied to explore the basic mechanisms of viral-induced asthma development and exacerbation. Monocytes/macrophages and other cell types from either healthy control or asthmatic patients are usually collected and cultured for cell types from either healthy control or asthmatic patients are usually collected and cultured for subsequent viral infection and measurement of cytokine/chemokine expression [38,39,40,41,42,43].
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