Slip considered path planning of a novel angled-spoke based robot in a terrain mixture of granular media and rigid support

Abstract

Navigation in terrains mixture of rigid support and granular media is associated with slippage. It is important to find the optimal path because slippage implies the possibility of a mobile robot being stuck in the sand. This research introduce concept of effective distance which consider effect of slippage to present a path planning algorithm. Effective distance is a conceptual distance that the mobile robot traverse to reach next node, and it is calculated based on traversable difficulty. Traversable difficulty varies with the slope angle, and the revolution speed of the angled spoke-based wheel (ASW) is estimated using meta-model. The meta-model is achieved empirically. Experiments have done in testbench which can implement slope angle and terrain types. Effectiveness of this algorithm was verified through simulation. For the simulations three cost determination methods, namely, the effective distance with varying revolution speed of the ASW, the effective distance with fixed revolution speed of the ASW, and actual distance were examined in four different scenarios. The effective distance with varying revolution speed of the ASW has maximum 135.94%\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$135.94\\%$$\\end{document} longer total actual distance. However, it results minimum 44.72%\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$44.72\\%$$\\end{document} shorter total effective distance.