Abstract
This study aimed to explore the association between sleep quality and its components and both dimensions of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of young adults. The sample comprised 337 participants with a mean age of 19.6 y (SD = 2.22). Sleep quality and HRQoL were measured through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the SF-12, respectively. Regression analyses were used to investigate the association between sleep quality and HRQoL. Our results confirm the significant association between sleep quality and both physical (p = 0.015; β = −0.138; R2 = 0.07) and mental (p < 0.001; β = −0.348; R2 = 0.22) HRQoL in the adjusted models. However, our results also highlight the differential association between sleep quality and mental and physical HRQoL. Whereas all the sleep quality components (except sleep latency; p = 0.349) were significantly associated with mental HRQoL (p < 0.05), just two subscales (subjective sleep quality; p = 0.021; β = −0.143 and sleep disturbances p = 0.002; β = −0.165) showed a significant association. This study showed that there is a stronger association between sleep quality and mental health than sleep quality and physical health in young adults.
Highlights
Sleep is an essential and universal function for humans [1]
Whereas all the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) subscales were significantly associated with mental component summary (MCS), except sleep latency, just two subscales were significantly associated with physical component summary (PCS)
Our results confirm the significant association between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and sleep quality even controlling for relevant covariates
Summary
Sleep is an essential and universal function for humans [1]. Sleep is considered one of the three basic pillars of health together with diet and exercise [2]. Poor sleep quality is related to negative psychological consequences such as anxiety and depression [8], aggression [9], altered cognitive functioning [10], and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [11] among others. The above-cited literature shows the importance of sleep quality for both physical and mental health. There is a high comorbidity between psychiatric disorders and sleep problems [14,15]. This is especially important should we consider that there is a bi-directional relationship between sleep disturbances and mental health [8,14].
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