Sleep quality and health-related quality of life in adults with T2D

Abstract

<b>Aim:</b> Insomnia, frequently co-morbid with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is prevalent in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study compared sleep quality and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults with T2D with either OSA, insomnia, or comorbid OSA and insomnia (OSA+I). <b>Methods:</b> Data was merged from two randomized clinical trials that examined sleep (OSA and insomnia, respectively) in adults with T2Dd. OSA presence (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] &gt;15) and severity was determined with a home sleep study. Questionnaires included the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global and factor scores (Sleep Efficiency, Latency, and Quality), and the SF-12 physical and mental component HRQoL. One-way analysis of covariance compared sleep quality and HRQoL physical and mental scores; multivariate analysis of covariance was used for the PSQI factor scores. Analysis controlled for sociodemographics (age, sex, race, marital status, education, financial difficulty) and restless leg syndrome. <b>Results:</b> The sample (N=224) included persons with OSA (n=68 [30%]), insomnia (n=106 [48%]), and OSA+I (n=50 [22%], those with insomnia were younger, less obese but had worse daytime sleepiness than persons in the OSA group (p-values &lt;.05). Persons in the Insomnia and in the OSA+I group had significantly higher PSQI global and factor (Efficiency, Latency, Quality) scores compared to persons with OSA (p &lt;.001). There was no difference by group in physical HRQoL; persons with only insomnia had lower mental HRQoL compared to those in the OSA only (p=.030) or the OSA + I group (p=.083). <b>Conclusions:</b> Insomnia is a potent factor in poor sleep quality and decreased mental HRQoL in persons with T2D.